The Picture of Dorian Gray

English Essay Oscar Wildes novel is an ext devastationed allegory that reinforces his destineing that There is no such(prenominal) thing as a object lesson or im chaste nefarious record. In The Picture Of Dorian venerable his view is very neutraliseory. His theory is reinforced through the changes in Dorians personality, the chickenhearteded restrain A Rebours (against genius) which was wholeness of the to the highest degree important novels during the depravity period, which was keepn to Dorian patriarchal by nobleman Henry. Consequently, leading us to the debauchion of Dorian senile and his needed death. Dorians change in personality reinforces Oscar Wildes idea.This is because Dorian is sustainwork forcet a double life, and in regards to the novel elements of his good and corky align is denominaten. This is shown with hints in the novel and shows the cautionary tale of the novel. As his friends, such as Lord Henry attempted to spoil his beautiful nature an giotensin converting enzyme of his closest friend Basil was cautious this was overtaking to ferment late Dorian from good to evil. Wilde does this to show how Dorians modus vivendi provoke be corrupted lessonly and immorally, as things such as the flick make him accomplish the things he always wanted evaluate pleasures moral or immorally.In spite of this, Lord Henry threatens Dorians terror of the painting losing beauty. Wilde uses this scenario that challenges his idea, because as Dorian is in uniform fear of his loss of beauty this links in with Wilde himself as he wants to be like Dorian Wilde is always cautious of presenting his valetsexuality inside the leger because the participation didnt practice it. Nevertheless he intelligibly enounces his desires for men in the phonograph recording which doesnt reinforce his idea as they argon immoral feelings that atomic number 18 represented. The wreak of the yellow(a) adjudge is fundamental frequency to Oscar Wildes i dea.This is because Lord Henry gives the give to Dorian Gray and at once Dorian has read this book he starts to get thoughts in his proposition which corrupts his mind. consequently shown in the novel as the yellow book as Dorian is now starting to become influenced by it showing the book has a moral, but the feelings in the novel that are present are immoral. Wilde uses this insalubrious yellow book to represent his aesthetic sensations without the concern of what the society pass on think, as the yellow book reveals aesthetic sensations that links to decadence because the end of novel ends in gothic fashion due to the influence of the yellow book.By doing this, this doesnt reinforce his idea because it shows that if you intrust in something its bound to hurl a moral like the moral book so his idea is yet again contradicted. The subversion of Dorian Gray is consequent to the things I have identified and challenges Oscar Wildes idea. This is because as Oscar Wilde starts to show the reader Dorians corrupt soul more(prenominal) than and more throughout the book as he commits crimes and makes the one he love commit suicide.By showing us Dorians corrupt soul more through the book it gives the reader a esthesis that there is a moral to it because no one tail be once an almost perfect human being to a criminal almost who neglects his close friends without a convey behind it. and so going against Oscar Wildes idea because his book was based on acquiring homo erotic views across so he must be presenting something that has meaning for example Dorians beauty and how it lead to his corruption. all told of these elements contradict Oscar Wildes approach towards this book.His constant use of Dorian and his changed personality and the yellow book doesnt reinforce his idea very good at all. In spite of this perhaps Oscar Wilde could be presenting these ideas on aspiration to give his analytical side to his idea. A good example is the yellow book once Doria n read the book his mind state changed because he believed the words and the moral behind the book. Therefore this could lead to Oscar Wildes end that books are influencing to people if they believe it from the start.He wants to tell us that if you think books are moral youll be influence by them. This is a guide to why Oscar Wildes novel is so contradictory forthwith he uses all the elements in the book which makes people believe in the book thereby creating a moral and some others who dont tick off with his view and his explicit behaviour wont believe in the book meaning the novel has no meaning qualification it have no moral which is why he presents Dorian, the yellow book and his corruption in such a way.The Picture of Dorian GrayEnglish Essay Oscar Wildes novel is an extended metaphor that reinforces his idea that There is no such thing as a moral or immoral book. In The Picture Of Dorian Gray his view is very contradictory. His theory is reinforced through the changes in Dorians personality, the yellow book A Rebours (against nature) which was one of the most important novels during the decadence period, which was given to Dorian Gray by Lord Henry. Consequently, leading us to the corruption of Dorian Gray and his inevitable death. Dorians change in personality reinforces Oscar Wildes idea.This is because Dorian is living a double life, and in regards to the novel elements of his good and bad side is shown. This is shown with hints in the novel and shows the cautionary tale of the novel. As his friends, such as Lord Henry attempted to spoil his beautiful nature one of his closest friend Basil was cautious this was going to turn young Dorian from good to evil. Wilde does this to show how Dorians lifestyle can be corrupted morally and immorally, as things such as the painting make him accomplish the things he always wanted accepting pleasures moral or immorally.In spite of this, Lord Henry threatens Dorians fear of the painting losing beauty. Wilde us es this scenario that challenges his idea, because as Dorian is in constant fear of his loss of beauty this links in with Wilde himself as he wants to be like Dorian Wilde is always cautious of presenting his homosexuality within the book because the society didnt practice it. Nevertheless he clearly states his desires for men in the book which doesnt reinforce his idea as they are immoral feelings that are represented. The influence of the yellow book is fundamental to Oscar Wildes idea.This is because Lord Henry gives the book to Dorian Gray and once Dorian has read this book he starts to get thoughts in his head which corrupts his mind. Thus shown in the novel as the yellow book as Dorian is now starting to become influenced by it showing the book has a moral, but the feelings in the novel that are present are immoral. Wilde uses this poisonous yellow book to represent his aesthetic sensations without the concern of what the society will think, as the yellow book reveals aestheti c sensations that links to decadence because the end of novel ends in gothic fashion due to the influence of the yellow book.By doing this, this doesnt reinforce his idea because it shows that if you believe in something its bound to have a moral like the moral book so his idea is yet again contradicted. The corruption of Dorian Gray is consequent to the things I have identified and challenges Oscar Wildes idea. This is because as Oscar Wilde starts to show the reader Dorians corrupt soul more and more throughout the book as he commits crimes and makes the one he loved commit suicide.By showing us Dorians corrupt soul more through the book it gives the reader a sense that there is a moral to it because no one can be once an almost perfect human being to a criminal almost who neglects his close friends without a meaning behind it. Thus going against Oscar Wildes idea because his book was based on getting homo erotic views across so he must be presenting something that has meaning for example Dorians beauty and how it lead to his corruption. All of these elements contradict Oscar Wildes approach towards this book.His constant use of Dorian and his changed personality and the yellow book doesnt reinforce his idea very well at all. In spite of this perhaps Oscar Wilde could be presenting these ideas on purpose to give his analytical side to his idea. A good example is the yellow book once Dorian read the book his mind state changed because he believed the words and the moral behind the book. Therefore this could lead to Oscar Wildes intention that books are influencing to people if they believe it from the start.He wants to tell us that if you think books are moral youll be influence by them. This is a result to why Oscar Wildes novel is so contradictory today he uses all the elements in the book which makes people believe in the book thereby creating a moral and some others who dont agree with his view and his explicit behaviour wont believe in the book meaning t he novel has no meaning making it have no moral which is why he presents Dorian, the yellow book and his corruption in such a way.

Ancient Greek Theater Research Paper

Devon Whitaker Research paper Mrs. Smith December 4, 2013 The theatre of past Greece, or ancient Greek drama, is a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece between 550 BC and 220 BC. The city-state of Athens, which became a significant pagan, political, and military designer during this period, was its center, where it was institutionalized as part of a fiesta called the Dionysia, which honored the matinee idol Dionysus. Tragedy, comedy, and the satire play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there. Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies and allies in rder to promote a honey oil cultural identity.Clothing in ancient Greece primarily consisted of the chiton, peplos, himation, and chlamys. While no clothes eat survived from this period, descriptions exist in contemporary accounts and artistic depictions. Clothes were mainly homemade, and lots served many purposes. Despite popular imagination and media depictions of all-white clothing, elaborate d esign and nacreous colors were favored. Ancient Greek clothing consisted of lengths of linen or woollen fabric, which generally was rectangular. Clothes were secured with ornamental lasps or pins, and a belt, sash, or waistband might secure the waist.Mens robes went down to their knees, whereas womens went down to their ankles. The choruses were only men, as were the histrions and the audience. The plays in the first place had a chorus of up to 50 people who performed the plays accompanied by music, beginning in the morning and lasting until the evening. They had to be citizens of Athens, which only utilise to free-born men, with few special cases. The actors wore masks, so that the people would know which persona the actor played. The theatres were built on a very giving scale to jibe the large number of eople on stage, as well as the large number of people in the audience.Actors voices needed to be heard passim the theatre, including the very top row of seats. In 465 BC, th e Theaters began using a backdrop, which hung butt joint the orchestra, which also served as an area where actors could change their costumes. It was known as the scene. In 425 BC a stone scene wall, called a paraskenia, became a common replacement to scene in the theatres Work Cited Theatre of Ancient Greece. n. d. web. 04 Dec. 2013. unprejudiced English Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. N. p. ,

Mmk227

MMK2 7 MM 277 U it Out ne Uni O tlin rimes ster 1, 201 1 13 Tr Un Code nit e Un Nam nit me ourse Co MMK277 merchandising Manag g gement of merce diploma o Comm of a ommunic cation diploma o Media and Co of gement Diploma o Manag For much infor rmation con ntact MIBT T + 61 3 9 9244 5197 F + 61 3 9 9244 5198 E emailprotected eakin. edu. au u W mibt. vic c. edu. au Melb bourne Institut of strain and Technolo te s ogy Pty Ltd (M MIBT) CRIC COS Provider c codes MIBT 01590J, Deak in 00113B 0 CONTENTSA line from your social whole Co-ordinator .. 3 Contact exposit 3 unit of mea trustworthyment overview .. 3 skill Objectives 3 Content and Topics cover tuition appeal and Activities 5 MIBT Transitional Attributes 5 positive school texts . 5 Recommended edition .. 5 Deakin University depository library . 6 opinion .. 6 confounded Classes 6 Assessment reviews / appeals .. 7 donnish misconduct Assignment incoming .. 8 Late submission of assignings .. 8 Learning suppo rt .. 8 Grading system . 9 Changes to enrolment.. Class attention.. 9 Student evaluation of this unit 10 Trimester time slacken 11 extension A Exam Requirements and Instructions . 13 This put down is menstruum at 21/02/2013. at one time printed this scroll is no time-consuming a controlled instrument.L schoolman Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of vocation MMK277 V27 02/13 summon 2 A note from your Unit Co-ordinator Welcome to MMK277 Marketing Management. This unit step forwardline explains the aims of the unit and describes the discernment requirements. This Unit Guide is an essential part of this course and pass on be referred to through bulge the trimester in lectures and tutorials. You should always read this unit guide offshoot and check it oft when preparing to study, or embarking on designation earn. Contact detailsUnit Co-ordinator popu new-make Telephone Email Lecturer Room Telephone Email stern Boyd Gerny la4. 111, Level 4 construct la 0419 369 114 emai lprotected edu. au Craig eachen la4. 111, Level 4 building la 0412 735 443 emailprotected edu. au Unit overview Unit Unit title Prerequisites Teaching Method Nature of the Unit This unit testenines the nature of merchandise management from a selling planning perspective. The focus of discussion is the incorporate activities of the net rifle of producers of goods, operate and experiences which assay to satisfy their customers.Emphasis is placed on marketing strategy orchestrateulation and the use of strategic marketing mix elements in developing and maintaining a market orientation and assessing organisational performance. Aspects of marketing such as marketing seek, customer behaviour, product innovation and marketing communication atomic number 18 also scrutinyined. MMK277 Marketing Management Nil Four hours of path finish off per calendar week atomic number 18 exceptocated to this unit. Learning Objectives On completion of this unit educatees should be able t o 1. 2. 3. 4.Identify and explain theoretical ideals and the marketing mix elements employed in marketing strategy development Explain the use of market study in developing segmentation and positioning strategies Apply the marketing concept and marketing strategy in various contexts including profit and non-for-profit organisations, including government parade effective group- storyd viva and written communication skills when presenting marketing plans for selected organisations. This document is true at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no prolonged a controlled document.LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of work MMK277 V27 02/13 rascal 3 Content and Topics Covered faculty 1 faculty 2 Module 3 Module 4 Module 5 Module 6 Module 7 Module 8 Module 9 Module 10 Module 11 Marketing Creating and Capturing guest Value. convinced(p) text edition Chapter 1. Company and Marketing scheme Partnering to Build Customer Relationships and Analysing the Marketing Environ ment. overconfident Text Chapters 2 and 3. Managing Marketing Information to Gain Customer Insights. positive Text Chapter 4. collar Consumer and Business Buyer Behaviour. Prescribed Text Chapters 5.Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Creating Value for Target Customers. Prescribed Text Chapter 6. Products, Services and Brands Building Customer Value Prescribed Text Chapters 7 and 8. Pricing to apprehend Customer Value. Prescribed Text Chapter 9. Placement Customer Value Fulfilment. Prescribed Text Chapter 10. communicating Customer Value Advertising and domain Relations. Prescribed Text Chapter 11. Communicating Customer Value Personal Selling and gross revenue Promotion Prescribed Text Chapter 12. immediately and Digital Marketing Building One-to-One Customer Relationships. Prescribed Text Chapter 13.Graduate noesis and to a lower placestanding, skills and attributes This Institution aims to determine that its higher education awards cater educational experience s designed to develop attributes (including skills, friendship and attitudes) appropriate to the discipline area and direct of the award, which impart support graduates in their future personal and professional bearing and parcel to society. This unit contributes to the side by side(p)(a) attributes cerebrate Learning Objective(s) 1, 2, 3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 N/A N/A Knowledge and lowstanding, Skill or Attribute Understanding of, and the bility to work with, a systematic body of knowledge, appropriate to the focus and level of the qualification based on the highest standards of scholarship and look for Where research is undertaken world power to initiate and formulate viable and relevant research questions Where research is undertaken contribution to new knowledge, or an pilot interpretation and application of existing knowledge Where research is undertaken understanding of the social, economic and cultural tinge and application of their researc h, and its donnishianian relevance and value Understanding of the professional, social, economic and cultural contexts of the discipline and associate fields Awareness of ethical issues, social responsibility and cultural motley Awareness of milieual sustainability issues and the contribution of the field of study to address such issues Understanding and appreciation of international perspectives in a global environment Critical analysis, problem solving, and creative thinking Identifying, gathering, evaluating and using information Communicating effectively and appropriately in a range of contexts Developing, planning and managing unaffiliated work Working effectively as part of a team up Effectively using information and communication technologies Applying knowledge learned in the program to new situations This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/ 13 Page 4 Learning Approach and Activities The unit involves four hours contact per week. It is the intention to build knowledge on the marketing planning process and how this is successfully implemented in market- and competitororiented organisations that wholeow in profit-oriented companies, government and the not-for-profit sector. internet gravel is mandatory for this unit with either pupils as all lectures and learning stuff is provided on it and all students are expected to frequently check with the MIBT admittance for ongoing course activities. Tutorial exercises volition be carryn to students to finish on a weekly basis during the Trimester. Learning in this unit is aided by an enthusiastic and experienced instruct team. They ordain monitor the classroom during week long time throughout the trimester in order to engage with students, facilitate discussions of key concepts, and clarify any unit content and to hold up announcements. Class room discussions and ex periences are a unusual aid in understanding marketing concepts. The input of students allow for signifi nookietly help the understanding of critical marketing concepts by sharing their experiences and opinions.Further more than, it will aid the students by offering examples of actually marketing experiences and make the classes more enjoyable. Tests are held during the semester with details un sticked on the MIBT portal. The case study entry essentialiness be muster outd in groups. Forming a group to work with, to produce an oral presentation and written assignment is a primal part of finish this part of perspicacity. It is essential you become proactive in communicating with your fellow group members, and with approaching potential group members you deal to work with. This judicial decision finish not be completed soully. You must be part of a group in order to complete this physical composition of assessment.It is known that group work enhances your teamwork ski lls, reduces work load and provides the hazard for you to rivulet your knowledge with fellow students enabling you to learn of import life long skills. Specific details and instructions related to all assessment in this unit are provided on the MIBT portal. MIBT Transitional Attributes All ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MIBT Diploma units contribute to the following graduate attributes independent learner knowledge base research skills time management skills report writing skills certainness of ethical motive of tertiary education use of appropriate technologies ability to work only if and as part of a team Prescribed texts The content of the text book and the lectures are examinable in this subject. The lecture program will provide you with key points on the range of topics to be covered in the course.Lecture material will predominantly come from the prescribed text, as well as other(a) sources. Armstrong G, Adam S, Denize S, and Kotler P 2012, Principles of Marketing, 5e (5th edition), Pe arson Australia, Frenchs Forest, New South Wales It is strongly recommended that you corrupt or at least have access to this book Recommended Reading Each week introduces new chapters that must be read in the prescribed textbook. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 5 Deakin University Library Searching the Internet is a key way of finding information especially for worldwide and everyday topics.The Library website is a key way to find academic journals, books, e-books, subject databases and websites that contain quality information for your study of this unit, and as research for assignments. Many of these resources are online so that you can access them on campus, at home or at work any day, any time. The Librarys help services, in person or via email, phone or instant messaging, will assist you to make the most of library services and sa ve research time. diarys ? Journal of Marketing ? Journal of Consumer search ? Journal of Marketing Research ? Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science ? European Journal of Marketing ? Journal of Retailing ? Journal of Service Research ?Journal of Advertising ? Journal of Marketing Management ? Journal of Consumer psychology ? And many, many more Newspapers and Magazines Newspapers and weekly magazines will provide a valuable insight into current issues and developments in marketing. Many also provide articles on the Internet on topical issues. The Age (http//www. theage. com. au) The Australian (http//www. theaustralian.. com. au Australian Financial Review (http//www. afr. com. au) Business Review Weekly (http//www. brw. com. au) Ausstats database (http//www. abs. gov. au) Assessment The assessment for this subject is a combination of tests, case studies and a final examination examination.Weight collect interlocking Brief description The case study has two part, an ora l presentation and written report. Each set is worth 15% of the marrow marks for this subject. Trimester tests. Details available on MIBT access The exam is a two-hour, closed-book. The examination covers the undefiled trimesters work. It is the students responsibility to determine the date, time and location for the examination. Linked learning objective(s) Case Study 30% During Trimester During Trimester End of Semester Examination distributor point 1, 2, 3, 4 Tests 30% 1, 2, 3 Examination 40% 1, 2, 3 Notes full(a) details regarding all assessment tasks will be provided on the MIBT portal. You must read and understand these details.The information provided here in this outline and the table above only provide a summary. Missed Classes Please bank bill it is the responsibility of students to sit for a test on the scheduled date. tribulation to sit a test must be supported by a medical certificate and shown to the lecturer WITHIN 48 HOURS OF THE plan TEST DATE. THE MARKS F OR THE TEST WILL BE ALLOCATED TO THE FINAL EXAMINATION. IF YOU be GOING TO MISS A TEST PLEASE CONTACT THE RECEPTIONIST AT MIBT AND LEAVE A MESSAGE. COPIES OF THE MEDICAL CERTIFICATE mustiness ALSO BE GIVEN TO YOUR LECTURER OR BY SOME OTHER ARRANGEMENT. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document.LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 6 If a student misses a mini test, they cannot sit that test in some other class. Students can only sit tests in the class they are enrolled in. If a student completes the test in another(prenominal) class, it will not be marked and the student will get a zero for that piece of assessment. There will be an opportunity for students to nonplus up on missed classes. This will be discussed in class. Assessment reviews / appeals Students whitethorn appeal against the mark/grade awarded in any component of their assessment. The appeal must relate to the assessment procedures and not simply dissatisfaction with the final grade given.Appeals will be considered by the unit co-ordinator and a recommendation made to the MIBT Academic Progress Committee. Appeals are made by completing a Review of Assessment Application available from the Student entre under Students / Forms. The form must be lodged at MIBT Reception by 5. 00 pm on the Friday aft(prenominal) the publication of results. special Consideration Special Consideration may be provided when a student completes a piece of assessment and the student believes there have been exceptional and adverse destiny affecting their performance. (Note Special consideration is not normally intended for assignments and other forms of continuous assessment.Here the Request for Extension of Assignment Due while form should be employ and submitted to the lecturer concerned. The form is available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms. ) Applications for Special Consideration will be accepted on medical, compassionate, and/or trauma grounds. Supporting evidence, clearly stating specific reason, must be given with the application. Reasons such as headaches, colds or returning home, will not be accepted as grounds for Special Consideration. Students are postulate to complete a Special Consideration/Deferred Exam Application available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit to MIBTReception, together with supporting reenforcement onward the assessment is receivable, or within 2 working age of completing the assessment. Academic misconduct The Academic Integrity and Plagiarism and secret approval Policies are available on the Student Portal under Students / Forms / MIBT Policies and Procedures. Students should make themselves familiar with the content of these policies. Plagiarism and collusion are academic offences. They are forms of cheating and severe penalties are associated with them. If a student is caught plagiarising they may be failed in that piece of assessment. ? Plagiarism occurs when a student passes off as their own another students work, or copies without adjudgement of its authorship, the work of any other person. Collusion occurs when a student obtains the agreement of another person for a fraudulent purpose with the intent of obtaining an advantage in submitting an assignment or other work. ? Submitting your own work when it has been previously submitted for another unit or course. Whenever you refer to another persons research or ideas (whether by at a time quoting or by paraphrasing them) you MUST acknowledge the source. Also, likenessing paragraphs from the Internet and presenting them as your own work is plagiarism. If you download and copy paragraphs from the Internet you must identify the source. References / acknowledgement of authorship (including electronic resources).You MUST acknowledge the sources that you have drawn on. This is a necessary courtesy to the original authors, and also allows the re aders of your work to follow up any points you have raised. If you directly copy another writers phrase, sentence or paragraph, then you should use mention marks and note the source of the quote. If you use another writers ideas, but not his or her exact words, you should again note the source. There are a number of ways by which you can refer to other peoples work. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 7For an essay the reference list should include full citations of all sources consulted for the essay and these sources should appear in the body of the essay EG. (Thwaites, 2012 ) wherever a reference to someones work is made, instead of footnotes. This referencing method, like all methods, involves noting the authors expose, the title of the article and journal, or book, the year of publication, the journals volume number, the book publishers name and location, and the relevant page numbers. A copy of Guide to Assignment authorship and Referencing is available to every student during Orientation. It is also available on the Deakin University website http//deakin. du. au/currentstudents/assets/resources/study-support/study-skills/assign-ref. pdf Assignment submission Assignments must be submitted by the due date. Students should complete the Assignment Cover Sheet (available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms), attach it to their assignment and then submit the completed assignment as describe in the assignment details. (Assignments will not be accepted at MIBT Reception). Students must keep a copy of each assignment submitted and must be able to produce the copy in the unlikely instance that the original assignment is misplaced. Students must maintain backup copies of all their assignment work.Electronic loss of data is common, but is NOT a satisfactory plea for an extension of a submission date. Late subm ission of assignments Extension of an assignment submission date If there is a compelling reason why you are unable to complete your assignment before the due date you should complete a Request for Extension of Assignment Due Date form, available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit it to your lecturer. This must be done at least 24 hours before the assignment due date. If you submit your assignment without an approved extension, penalties for late submission will apply. The only exception to this is if your work is late for medical reasons and you have a desexs certificate to support your claim.You will not need to seek the prior approval of your lecturer but you must attach the fastens certificate to your assignment with a note that the work is late for medical reasons. Under these circumstances, the medical certificate must cover the entire period from the time the assignment was due until the time it is submitted. Penalties for late submissions Assignments have late and without prior approval will be penalised. A punishment of 10% of the available marks will be deducted for every day the assignment is late. Assignments received after 7 days without an approved extension, will not be marked. Learning support Students have access to group-oriented and individual learning support at MIBT.During each trimester, students can attend a series of study skills workshops conducted both at MIBT and Deakin University on topics such as time management, avoiding plagiarism, referencing, academic writing, critical thinking and exam preparation. The MIBT Study Skills Drop-in concentrate on provides students with one-to-one consultations with the Academic Skills Advisor. Students can also access the Deakin University Language and Learning Drop-in Centre at Student Life. For flexible learning, all students have access to the Academic Skills Moodle site which contains a number of resources to improve students study skills and linguistic process prof iciency. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 8 Grading systemAll students enrolled in any unit will be graded according to MIBTs standard demolishing system as follows GRADE HD D CR P N DE EX RI RPL RW UP W WN XN DESCRIPTION High promissory note Distinction Credit Pass Fail Deferred Examination Exemption Granted Results Not Finalised Recognition of Prior Learning Results Withheld Ungraded Pass (Safety Units) Withdrawn without academic penalty Withdrawn Failure Enrolled Assessment Incomplete PERCENTAGE 80 100 70 79 60 69 50 59 0 49 Changes to enrolment ? Enrolment changes can be made through the student portal until 5. 00 pm Friday of the ? A unit can be dropped until the end of the fourth week (without penalty) and fees paid for ? ? ? second week of the trimester. the dropped unit will be credited to the next trimester.After week four if a unit is dropped fees for that unit will be forfeited. Students who drop a unit after Week 4 will have W (Withdrawn) recorded as their result in the unit. A unit dropped after Week 8 will be recorded as WN (Withdrawn Fail). A unit cannot be dropped in the final two teaching weeks of a trimester. Class attendance Attendance is an important element of a students success in their studies and it is strongly recommended that attendance is maintained in all classes. All work covered in class is examinable. Attendance will be recorded in all sessions and students should make themselves aware of the Attendance Policy located on the Student Portal under Students / MIBT Policies and Procedures.Where alternative classes exist for a unit, students are permitted to attend a level best of two alternate classes per unit during the trimester. Students should collect a Lecturer Attendance Variation form from reception or from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit it to the lectur er of the alternate class to sign and verify the students attendance. The form is retained by the lecturer who submits this with the class list. Further, grants of head from a class can be given for medical, compassionate or compelling reasons provided that original or certified medical, psychological, police or other certificates are provided. Students are to complete an Explained Absence Form from reception or from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit to reception.Compassionate or compelling circumstances are generally those beyond the control of the student and have an impact upon the students course progress or wellbeing. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 9 Student evaluation of this unit At the end of trimester students will be asked to evaluate all of the units they have studied during the trimester. Students are strong ly encouraged to complete the Student Evaluation form for this unit and give feedback. All ratings and comments are read and given careful consideration following completion of each trimester and inform the changes which may be introduced in succeeding trimesters.This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 10 Trimester timetable Week 1 2 3 Week Commencing Monday 4 bump into 2013 Monday 11 March 2013 Monday 18 March 2013 Topic Marketing Creating and Capturing Customer Value. Analysing the Marketing Environment. Company and Marketing Strategy Partnering to Build Customer Relationships. Managing Marketing Information to Gain Customer Insights. standard Chapters Ch 1 Ch 3 Ch 2 Comments 4 Monday 25 March 2013 thorium 28 March 2013 to Wednesday 3 April 2013 Ch 4 mini Test 1TRIMESTER tone down EASTER Managing Marketing Information to Gain Customer Insigh ts. Understanding Consumer and Business Buyer Behaviour. Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Creating Value for Target Customers. Products, Services, and Brands Building Customer Value. Pricing to Capture Customer Value. Communicating Customer Value Advertising, Public Relations, Sales Promotion and Personal Selling. Placement Customer Value Fulfilment. Direct and Digital marketing Oneto-One Customer Relationships. Revision. Ch 4 Ch 5 Ch 6 Mini Test 1 4b 5 6 Thursday 4 April 2013 Monday 8 April 2013 Monday 15 April 2013 7 8 9 Monday 22 April 2013 Monday 29 April 2013 Monday 6 whitethorn 2013 Ch 7,8 Ch 9 Ch 11,12 Mini Test 2 10 11 12 13Monday 13 May 2013 Monday 20 May 2013 Monday 27 May 2013 Monday 3 June 2013 Friday 7 June 2013 Ch 10 Ch 13 Mini Test 3 EXAMINATION WEEK Trimester 1 Census Date Results released on portal Wednesday 27 March 2013 Tuesday 18 June 2013 This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Out lines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 11 book of instructions TO CANDIDATES READ BEFORE COMMENCING Note A tick (X), in a box indicates the instruction applies. A blank box indicates the instruction does not apply. X This exam is a CLOSED BOOK exam. This exam is an commit BOOK exam. XYou may use a (non-electronic) LANGUAGE ONLY DICTIONARY. You may use a CALCULATOR. If programmable, the memory must be empty. Mobile phones cannot be used as calculators. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS 1. 2. 3. Answer all questions in the exam booklet provided. There are three (3) sections in this exam. All sections must be attempted. component part 1 Answer all parts of the one (1) mini case question in branch 1(26 Marks). Section 2 Answer ten (10) short response questions in Section Two (10 x 3 marks = 30 marks). Section 3 Answer two (2) out of five (5) extended response questions in Section Three (2 x 12 marks = 24 marks). Students must complete ALL parts of each question answered.This e xam is out of 80 and is worth 40% of the marks for this subject. Answer all questions in the exam booklet provided. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. THIS EXAMINATION PAPER MUST NOT BE REMOVED FROM THE EXAMINATION ROOM This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 12 APPENDIX A Exam Requirements and Instructions SUMMARY OF EXAM REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. You should arrive for your exam at least 15 minutes before it is scheduled to commence. You will not be permitted to sit the exam if you are more than 30 minutes late.You MUST have your MIBT student ID card with you for every exam you sit. You will not be permitted to enter the exam room without it. No electronic equipment whatsoever, with the possible exception of a calculator, may be used in an exam. Personal items (purse, wallet, meandering(a) phone) may be brought into the exam and should be left underne ath your desk. Do NOT leave valuables in bags at the end of the exam room. Mobile phones MUST be switched off. Any mobile phone which rings during an exam will be confiscated and not returned until the exam papers have been collected and placed into storage Find out before end of the trimester whether your exam is Open Book or close Book.Find out before the end of the trimester whether or not you can bring a calculator or a printed dictionary into the exam. The penalties for misbehaving or having unauthorised material (cheating) in an exam are severe. Make sure you know before hand what materials you can take into your exams. Any outdoor(a) written material must be handed in before the exam commences. Students found with unauthorised material in their possession during an exam may have their paper cancelled. Students who are ill during an exam may apply for special consideration using the form found on the student portal. An application for special consideration MUST be go with b y supporting documentation and submitted within 2 working days of the exam. Students who are prevented from

Plant Layout

LAYOUT installment layout is an arrangement of different aspects of manufacturing in an appropriate manner as to achieve desired employment results. forwardness layout considers available spot, final product, safe of users and quickness and convenience of operations. An effective facility layout ensures that there is a glow and steady flow of production temporal, equipment and manpower at minimum be. Facility layout looks at physical allocation of space for economic activity in the plant. Therefore, main target area of the facility layout planning is to cast effective work flow as to make equipment and workers more productive. Facility Layout Objective A sticker facility layout should be able to provide an ideal relationship amongst raw material, equipment, manpower and final product at stripped cost under safe and comfortable environment. An efficient and effective facility layout croupe cover following objectives * To provide optimum space to organize equipment and aid causal agent of goods and to create safe and comfortable work environment. * To promote outrank in production towards a single objective * To reduce movement of workers, raw material and equipment * To promote safety of plant as tumesce as its workers To facilitate extension or change in the layout to tally new product line or technology upgradation * To increase production capacity of the nerve An organization can achieve the above-mentioned objective by ensuring the following * Better training of the workers and supervisors. * Creating awareness about of wellness hazard and safety standards * Optimum utilization of workforce and equipment * Encouraging authorization and reducing administrative and other indirect work Factors affecting Facility Layout Facility layout functioning and implementation is influenced by various factors.These factors vary from manufacture to industry but influence facility layout. These factors are as follows * The design of the facility layou t should consider overall objectives set by the organization. * Optimum space needs to be allocated for process and technology. * A proper safety bank bill as to avoid mishaps. * Overall management policies and future direction of the organization Design of Facility Layout Principles which drive design of the facility layout need to get into into the consideration objective of facility layout, factors influencing facility layout and constraints of facility layout.These principles are as follows * Flexibility Facility layout should provide flexibility for expansion or modification. * put Utilization Optimum space utilization reduces the time in material and people movement and promotes safety. * Capital Capital investment should be minimal when finalizing different models of facility layout. Design Layout proficiencys There are three techniques of design layout, and they are as follows 1. Two or Three Dimensional Templates This technique utilizes development of a scaled-down mode l based on approved drawings. . while Analysis This technique utilizes computer technology in designing the facility layout by sequencing out all activities and then arranging them in street arab or in a straight line. 3. Line Balancing This potpourri of technique is used for assembly line. Types of Facility Layout There are vi types of facility layout, and they are as follows * Line Layout * Functional Layout * Fixed military capability Layout * Cellular Technology Layout * Combined Layout, and * Computerized Relative Allocation of Facility Technique

Howard Zinn

A Peoples tarradiddle of the united States Chapter 9 Summary Chapter nine of Howard Zinns book explains thralldom out front and aft(prenominal) the Civil War. The majority of the united States G everyplacenment was in champion of thralldom until Abraham capital of Nebraska publicized his support for the wind up of slavery. This chapter Includes elaborate of slavery from the accounts of different slaves and records kept about their oppression. Their servitude was pre resolved by means of the withdrawal of their families, whipping, and killing. antecedent to the Civil War there were many failed endeavors to abolish slavery, much(prenominal) as rear end Browns Raid. John Brown was afterward executed by Virginia for his failure to detain the national arsenal in Harpers Ferry which instigated a revolt of slaves passim the southwesterneastern. The regimen did not wish to achieve the abolishment of slavery through and through revolts. Abraham Lincoln was satisfactory to combine the interests of the white elite and the foreboding(a)s. When Lincoln was pick out, the southwest tangle that their way of life was being little terrorened over the disoblige of abolishing slavery. This threat caused eleven states to secede the union after Lincolns pick.This secession created the Confederacy, jump the origin of the Civil War. With Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation he tried to end the war. This gave the South four months to end Its rebellion, slavery In the states that turned over to the normality would not be touched. Through the Emancipation Proclamation, blacks were now able to serve In the union army which was later issued January 1, 1863. The Thirteenth Amendment was later validate by the Senate in April 1 864 and the House of Representatives followed in January 1865.All lot natural or naturalized in the united States are citizens was tell by the Fourteenth Amendment, which limited states by rightss concerning racial pertainity. The Fif teenth Amendment states that all citizens urinate the right vote and they shall not be denied on reason of race, color, or antecedent condition of enslavement. These amendments opened the door to copulation passing laws to function it a crime to deny blacks of their rights. Blacks began forming political organizations with these laws.Andrew Johnson, who was Lincolns Vice death chair and ecame President after Lincolns assassination, held rump the blacks. He vetoed bills that Improved the rights of the blacks. These vetoes did not guarantee equal rights for blacks. The Senate and Congress did not like the actions of Johnson. The Congress, in 1868, were almost successful in their attempt to impeach Johnson and were only one vote short in the Senate. The election of Ulysses Grant as president would reopen the doors for blacks, they began to be elected into the linked States Congress, Senate, and southern state legislatures.Black women began helping to rebuild postwar south and bl ack children began going to school. Although it looked as if blacks were starting to become equals there was yet a lot of antagonism towards them and dependency on whites for work. The Ku Klux Klan and other terrorist groups were make through the use of the Souths economic power. Not much later were amour back to where they began. It would still be a long time forward blacks began to be treated as equals. A Peoples History 0T states cnapter 10 thicksetHoward ZinnA Peoples History of the united States Chapter 9 Summary Chapter nine of Howard Zinns book explains slavery before and after the Civil War. The majority of the united States Government was in support of slavery until Abraham Lincoln publicized his support for the end of slavery. This chapter Includes details of slavery from the accounts of different slaves and records kept about their oppression. Their servitude was preserved through the separation of their families, whipping, and killing. Prior to the Civil War there w ere many failed attempts to abolish slavery, such asJohn Browns Raid. John Brown was later executed by Virginia for his failure to capture the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry which instigated a revolt of slaves throughout the South. The government did not wish to achieve the abolishment of slavery through revolts. Abraham Lincoln was able to combine the interests of the white elite and the blacks. When Lincoln was elected, the South felt that their way of life was being threatened over the issue of abolishing slavery. This threat caused eleven states to secede the union after Lincolns election.This secession created the Confederacy, starting the beginning of the Civil War. With Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation he tried to end the war. This gave the South four months to end Its rebellion, slavery In the states that turned over to the North would not be touched. Through the Emancipation Proclamation, blacks were now able to serve In the union army which was later issued January 1, 1863. The Thirteenth Amendment was later ratified by the Senate in April 1 864 and the House of Representatives followed in January 1865.All people born or naturalized in the united States are citizens was declared by the Fourteenth Amendment, which limited states rights concerning racial equality. The Fifteenth Amendment states that all citizens have the right vote and they shall not be denied on reason of race, color, or previous condition of enslavement. These amendments opened the door to Congress passing laws to make it a crime to deny blacks of their rights. Blacks began forming political organizations with these laws.Andrew Johnson, who was Lincolns Vice President and ecame President after Lincolns assassination, held back the blacks. He vetoed bills that Improved the rights of the blacks. These vetoes did not guarantee equal rights for blacks. The Senate and Congress did not like the actions of Johnson. The Congress, in 1868, were almost successful in their attempt to impeac h Johnson and were only one vote short in the Senate. The election of Ulysses Grant as president would reopen the doors for blacks, they began to be elected into the United States Congress, Senate, and southern state legislatures.Black women began helping to rebuild postwar south and black children began going to school. Although it looked as if blacks were starting to become equals there was still a lot of antagonism towards them and dependency on whites for work. The Ku Klux Klan and other terrorist groups were formed through the use of the Souths economic power. Not much later were thing back to where they began. It would still be a long time before blacks began to be treated as equals. A Peoples History 0T states cnapter 10 summary

Assess The Relationship Between Crime, Poverty And Social Protest In The Eighteenth And Early Nineteenth Centuries

the States had rebel direct and after a successful situate of war become independent and war with France, which had experienced internal revolution that caused serious concern to the British feeling configurationes, lasted until 1815. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created in 1801 (Evans 2002, 3). In 1700, with a macrocosm of approximately 5 million in England, perhaps 80% of the macrocosm lived in the countryside, with approximately 90% in trade-gardening or link up betrothal whereas by 1801 the race had countermandn to 8. million and by 1851 to intimately 18 million with provided 22% employed in agriculture (Porter 1990, 11, 207 Gardiner & Wenborne 1995, 610 Timmins 2005). The transformation of society with changes in agriculture and industrialisation guide ineluctably to the creation of new stinting affinitys and identities within society and to the end of old ones. Crime, poverty and genial protest were significant factors in these centur ies although their dealingship is much debated by historians.It is certain that their relationship, as well as ever-ever-cdangling over time, differed by locality, for example heavily urbanised London, whose population had change magnitude to perhaps 700,000 by 1770, will lead undergone different experiences to, say, a boorish county much(prenominal) as Herefordshire (Shakesheff 2003). Any discussion of the relationship of wickedness, poverty and favorable protest must rest on an initial discussion of these toll, in particular the first.Crime is generally understood to indicate acts that contravene the faithfulness but this masks the galore(postnominal) kinds of accidental and unpremeditated acts, emotional or genial states, deliberate consummations and motivations that may come into play (Sharpe 1999, 5). Even within a society there may be disagreements on what constitutes a shame, and the balance in the midst of a felon and non-criminal act may rest on the sett ing of the act. Legislators too may create new crimes darn decriminalising approximately other acts.Poverty is perhaps less problematic to define, since it is usually considered with respect to ideas of subsistence and run across the requirements of physical well-being (Gardiner & Wenborne 1995, 613). Even so, it should be considered as relative to c interruption expectations and living standards. Social protest may take many forms, such as riots, and can be defined as a social crime (Sharpe 1999, 179). The nonion of social crime, developed by Hobsbawm, rests on the differing understandings of crime that may exist between groups and the official position (Sharpe 1999, 176).Social crimes argon defined as those that can be said to represent a conscious, al almost a political, challenge to the prevailing social and political dictate and its values (Sharpe 1999, 176). Thompson has argued for a clean-living economy which legitimates social crime by placing it in the context of defe nding traditional customs or rights, where they may differ from the values of those who make the rectitude (Thompson 1991). According to statistical evidence, crime calculates to adjudge been at a low at the beginning of the eighteenth century, increasing, at least around London and Surrey, with the increasing population and urbanisation, by 1780 (Sharpe 1995, 6).short-term bursts of crime seem to pee-pee been affected by crop failures and by the demobilisation of the larger armed forces utilised by imperial Britain, oddly after 1815. The steepest increase in crime appears to have been in the 1840s (Emsley 1996, 295). The most common kinds of crime in the eighteenth and ordinal centuries appear to have been humble opportunistic thefts (Emsley 1996, 293). Crime statistics, provided, may give an imprecise look of crime since many crimes may, for various reasons, never be officially reported. integrity social circle where crime, poverty and social protest definitively meet i s in the wavering disintegrations of 1830. England at the beginning of the eighteenth century was a largely rustic nation with the majority of the population living in plain areas. During the agate line of that century there were profound changes. The locomote population, especially from the mid-eighteenth century, created a nimiety of verdant gobs for whom there was no corresponding rise in rural employment, objet dart migration from rural areas, in terms of the natural increase in population, declined from 100% in 1751 to only 29% in 1831 (Hobsbawm and uncivilized 1969, 43). farming had, by this time, come to be dominated by a variance into landlords, tenant-farmers and hired labourers (Hobsbawm and Rude 1969, 27). Increasing economic rationalisation of agriculture by landlords and tenant-farmers saw further consequent declines in the conditions of the agricultural labourers who, divorced from the land, became reliant on less regular and less well paid employment with worsening conditions. Their situation was exacerbated by the silly Law which supplemented and thus unbroken down recompense (Hobsbawm and Rude 1969, 45-53).It is argued that this degradation of the agricultural labouring class led to the set down Riots, which began in 1830, as a re follow up to unwhole slightly harvests in 1829 (Gardiner and Wenborne 1995, 729-30). This social protest was directed mainly at agitate moulds, but also included burnings devices designed to further decrease the consume of labour on farms. Swing letters included demands for increase occupys and Hobsbawm and Rude (1969, 220) concluded that the movement was essentially one of labourers with essentially economic ends. Machine breaking had taken place in other contexts, notably in the burgeoning industrial sector.Perhaps the most famous of these was the Luddite movement that preceded the Swing Riots. Luddism, like Swing, seems to have been a reaction to poor harvests, increasing nutrition prices, u nemployment and wage cuts as well as changing industrial relations (Archer 2000, 49). Opinion on Luddism in its three main areas of blue England differs in terms of the extent to which scholars have identified political motivations as hostile to industrial protest. Like Swing, Luddism focused on anti- elevator car action in the context of the removal from traditional artisans of their means of livelihood and style of living.Thompson (1991, 352-403) has stressed the do of changing working patterns with regard to timekeeping and the changes in the synchronisation of labour in an industrial society from the more than than irregular rhythms that went before. Machine breaking may have been criminal as defined by the law and may have been further encouraged by economic difficulties, nevertheless, it seems indisputable that instances of machine breaking and the wider movements that can be identified fall within the category of social protest and were to some extent coupled with pover ty or the threat of poverty.Horn (2005) mentions the riots of the Spitalfields silk weavers in 1675, 1719, 1736 and the 1760s, as well as many other instances of machine breaking amongst sawyers and most particularly weavers. This emphasises the tradition of machine breaking, which could be seen as a customary for of industrial relations stretching back down a century (Horn 2005). Certainly in the case of the agricultural labourer in the Swing Riots, wages were a motivating factor (Hobsbawn and Rude 1969 195-96).Between 1780 and the 1830s, wages in East Anglia had gone from being some of the highest to the lowest, since there was a lack of alternatives to agriculture unlike in the northern and industrial regions (Archer 2000, 9). This coupled with rising prices caused massive pauperisation while the Poor Law and local dodges of relief could be and were manipulated by farmers to further beat back down wages in the knowledge that other rate-payers would have to subsidize the poor of the parish (Archer 2000, 10).The shock to the wealthier classes caused by the riots that inevitably broke out was apparently exacerbated by the deferential behaviour traditionally shown to them by the poor, who presumably make its importance in gaining relief. A lack of humane response on their part, in Archers words misread deferential behaviour for deferential attitudes (Archer 2000, 10). The organisation reaction to riots may reveal something of the elite perception of how valid they were. In their combined actions, the Luddites and Swing had caused only two deaths while at the corresponding time the damage to spot was considerable (Horn 2005).Initial waves of Luddism in 1811-12 caused perhaps i100,000 worth of damage to looms and factories. It is this perhaps that explains to some extent the decision of the government activity to field more troops to crack down on Luddism, some 12,000, in 1812, than were fielded in the Peninsular Campaign against Napoleon in 1808. Frame -breaking became a capital crime and between 1812-17, 36 Luddites were hanged followed later by 19 Swing Rioters. Protest crime formed only a small percentage of prosecution, peaking at 8. % in 1831 and of the number that took part in the riots only a small part ended up in dally (Archer 2000, 87). Furthermore, many death sentences were commuted to transportation and many rioters were released without charge. It has also been noteworthy that in comparison to food rioters, protesting the price of grain caused by bad harvests and war, suffered hanging less often (Archer 2000, 28-30, 87). Many have noted the increase in legal concern for property in the eighteenth century incorporated by the Bloody code (Sharpe 1995, 8).Between 1660 and 1819, there were 187 capital statutes enacted into the law, mostly concerning property (Hughes 1988, 29). Many of the new Acts explicitly embodied a repressive state and criminalized the poorest labouring classes and were passed in reaction to riots o r social unrest (Linebaugh 1991, 16). historied in this context is the notorious Waltham Black Act, passed in reaction to agricultural riots and unrest in Hampshire, which created over 200 capital offences.Rioters had poached bouncy and fish as well as burning hayricks and threatening landlords (Hughes 1988, 29). The Riot Act of 1715 was designed to combat and disperse meetings and assemblies of 12 or more persons, a seeming precursor of the late twentieth century laws patently to disperse outlaw(prenominal) raves. It was a popular tool against collective action by the labouring classes (Linebaugh 1991, 17). Those classes, in particular some 15,000 journeymen tailors, were struck at again by the Combination Act of 1721.This law made it illegal for them to take collective action in order to press for let on wages or shorter working hours. This they had done through strike and had suffered irons in return. In principle the Combination Act criminalized the notion of amend worki ng and living conditions and class action and can be noted as the first anti-trade union law (Linebaugh 1991, 17). Despite the rise in capital offences in law, the actual number of hangings declined throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (Hughes 1988, 35).There are various reasons for this, such as squeamishness on the part of the judges and the exercise of mercy, especially the Royal Prerogative, although most appeals seem to have been rejected (Gatrell 1994, 200-208). Transportation and imprisonment were increasingly used, the former system supplying labour and, followe the American revolution and the use of hulks as prisons, transportation to Australia became a viable option for permanently ridding Britain of its criminals (Hughes 1988, 41-42).This last presage is highly relevant in the context of Linebaughs argument that the poor and the criminal were difficult to distinguish (1991, xxi). Changes in the law undoubtedly led to rising crime, since as has been noted, m ore offences were created. Some historians, such as Thompson and Linebaugh have seen this as a conflict between custom and law. For example, many workers believed themselves to be customarily entitled to perquisites or allowances related to their employment.In the agricultural sector, the best cognise of these was harvesting following the gathering of the harvest, women and children would collect the leftover scattered grain that had been bewildered (Emsley 1996, 122). This practice supplemented and could even form a major proportion of an agricultural labouring families diet. Although gleaning was seen as a custom and denial of the right to glean could meet with criticism, it was observed by Arthur Young in 1771 that it was not an imprescribable right (Emsley 1996, 123).Abuses of gleaning that went to appeal met with the response that gleaning was not recognised as a legal right, however the farmers conscience may allow him to permit gleaning. On the other hand, some farmers s ought to have gleaning stopped but the case was refused by magistrates (Emsley 1996, 124). so gleaning occupied an ambiguous status, the law refused to outlaw it, despite the wishes of certain farmers while refusing to recognise it as a legal right of the labourers.Thompson notes that these customs were rather normally disputed (Thompson 1991, 104). Customs such as gleaning are reverberate in industrial and other work settings. Silk workers and weavers were particularly low earners and owing to the techniques of production, wasteful in resources, which could be appropriated for further use (Linebaugh 1991, 258, 264). A market grew up for cloth waste, which had many uses in producing other items and by the mid-1770s Spitalfields was a major centre of this trade. The law attempted to suppress the trade, but unsuccessfully.However, silk workers, and of them weavers in particular, formed a group whom the law was prone to threatening with hanging (Linebaugh 1991, 258). The production of a Book of Prices by the Spitalfields weavers and the corporate action by 2000 of them to enforce it in 1763 was a precursor to a 1764 protest expose by the weavers petitioning for higher wages and against cheap imports, which saw the state bill of exchange on the military. Poor harvests in the following year upped grain prices and fill workhouses while the silk workforce decreased by 1768 to half its level of sextette years earlier (Linebaugh 1991, 271).Corporate and direct actions such as those of the silk workers, who were get together by other groups, the Luddites and the Swing Rioters helped to formulate a culture of revere in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. As mentioned above, the American war of freedom and the French revolution were other causes of fear amongst the ruling classes of those beneath them. Hughes (1988, 25) states that the view in a swelling wave of crime was one of the striking social facts of Georgian England.It is not difficult to comprehen d that for those observing from above, riots, protests and crime committed by the poor were part and parcel of the nature of that class of people and that the reaction would be to staunch such behaviour through the law and the militia. These fears were fed by other factors such as the rise of newspapers publishing reports of crime statistics and vivid stories that reinforced elite views of the poor in society and in turn led to the reification of entrenched moral views that were transposed into laws that tended to further criminalise the poor.Crime, poverty and social protest in the eighteenth and nineteenth century can be seen as linked in the context of the increasing proletarianisation of the workforce and conflict between the wage earning poor and the law making elite. Linebaugh (1991, xxi) observes this as the expropriation of the poor from the means of producing and the annexation by the poor of the means of living. Emsley (1996, 295) observes that it seems significant that pr operty crime increased during economic slumps. However, he goes on to suggest that a monocausal link between poverty and crime is too simplistic.He cites other reasons for increasing crime, for example, the harvest-festival in wealth and material goods allowed more opportunities for crime and increased lure and the extension of commerce and business also increased the opportunities for corruption (Emsley 1996, 295). Certainly, not all social unrest can be seen in terms of poverty or the defence of custom. It seems that the strong tradition of this kind of action speaks of attempts to control the means of livelihood as opposed to warding off poverty.However, the frankness and threat of widespread poverty in particular areas and spheres of employment must be seen as a strong motivating force in any action. As for crime, it cannot be doubted that much crime was necessitated by poverty. evenly to account this as the only factor would be facile, since it ignores the personal and sou lfulness aspects of each crime. It is tempting though to see an increasing concern for goods and materials throughout this period of increasing production and the defence of property in law would seem to follow from that.Hughes comments that the rule of law became the supreme ideology in this period (1988, 29). Increasing economic rationalisation and market capitalism position workers livelihoods and working traditions in jeopardy and this, coupled with price fluctuations and an increasing population undoubtedly increased crimes of necessity, although it should not be forgotten that while substantive crime may have increased, the means of measuring crime became more accurate and more actions became criminal.The concern with property perhaps inevitably led to doubts over the legality of customary appropriation, such as gleaning. But while such rights may have been disputed over centuries, the changing economic and social factors and the rise of the law and legalism in the eighteent h and nineteenth centuries inevitably led to them taking on a different significance that would have long lasting repercussions in the social relations and perceptions of people in Britain.

Alum Synthesis

Alum Synthesis The Chemical mathematical operation of Recycling Aluminum Introduction By recycling potash aluminium cans, the cost and energy savings are dramatic whollyy more resourceful and effectual than producing atomic number 13 from what it is natur altogethery found in, bauxite ore. The process of recycling aluminum to reveal jet aluminum sulfate, a common alum, will be do through a serious of chemical reactions. Through this reaction, percent impart will be determined. Materials and Methods The mass of a 250 mL beaker is measured, and . 9 to 1. 2 grams of aluminum can pieces are added to the beaker. The mass of the beaker and aluminum pieces is recorded.These two good deal are thus used to determine the initial mass of aluminum beingness reacted in this experiment. 50 mL of 1. 4 M KOH is then added to the beaker and placed upon a springy plate under a green goddess hood to fumigate any escaping gases during the reaction, which should take no longer than 30 minut es. The heat from the hot plate speeds the reaction, and the reaction mixture must be kept no lower than 25 mL by adding distilled water. An aspirator is assembled by using a suction flaskful, clamp, ring stand, rubber tubing, funnel, and slabber news report to filter the reaction mixture once the number unmatched reaction is complete. gas Article Free-Radical BrominationThe filter paper is then wetted, the vacuum source is sour on, and the mixture is poured through the filter, using 5 mL of distilled water to scrub the beaker. The filter will catch all the dark filtrate from the aluminum can pieces, and the suction flask will contain a clear (transparent) effect. The etymon is then transferred to a cleared 250 mL beaker, and the suction flask is rinsed with 10 mL distilled water to insure all the remaining solution is transferred to the clean beaker. The beaker is placed in an ice bathe to cool the solution, fill the beaker three fourths full with ice and cold water. 0 mL of 6. 0 M sulfuric acid is measured and slowly added to the mixture, using a divine guidance rod to mix. Heat the mixture on a hot plate if any solids begin to develop in the mixture. Using a 1 L plastic beaker, prepare a nonher ice bath and place the beaker containing the reaction mixture in the ice bath. Once in the ice bath, the alum crystals skeletal frameing in the mixture will begin to precipitate. To serving the process of crystal formation, use the stir rod to scrape the sides of the beaker and form an alum seed crystal. Reassemble a clean vacuum filter, and filter the crystals onto the filter paper.Get as much of the precipitated crystals out of the beaker and then rinse the beaker in two ways with 10 mL of 50% ethanol solution to transfer all the crystals to the beaker. Once the alum crystals lay down dried, measure the mass of a clean 250 mL beaker and then measure the mass of the beaker containing the alum crystals. Results and Discussion The first reaction to b egin the alum deductive reasoning process is when aluminum and super acid hydroxide are combined and water and heat are added during the reaction. The depart is an ion called aluminate with an excess of enthalpy gas.This type of reaction is a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction, where the aluminum metal is oxidized to aluminum with an oxidation number of +3 and the hydrogen in green hydroxide or in water is trim back from an oxidation number of +1 to zero in hydrogen gas. The equilibrise chemical equation for this reaction is 2Als+ 2KOHaq+ 6H2Oliq2KAlOH4aq+ 3 H2g During this reaction, the colorless mixture potassium hydroxide and aluminum pieces turned a dark, ashy gray as heat was applied and the aluminum can pieces dissolved. The heat sped the reaction, and within 30 minutes all the aluminum pieces were dissolved, leaving behind aluminate.In the second reaction, the filtered aluminate solution is mixed with sulfuric acid once the solution has cooled. after stirring for sev eral minutes, crystals began to form. The crystalizing liquid started thickening and appeared to be white. The product of this reaction is aluminum hydroxide, potassium sulfate, and water. The fully balanced chemical equation is 2 KAl(OH)4(aq) + H2SO4(aq) 2Al(OH)3(s) + 2 H2O(liq) + K2SO4(aq) This equation represents a metathesis (precipitation) reaction where all the elements and groups recombine and a precipitate, aluminum hydroxide, is formed.As more sulfuric was added, the precipitate began to dissolve, thus causing the trey reaction. The solution contains aluminum, potassium, and sulfate ions now. The balanced chemical equation is 2 Al(OH)3(s) + 3 H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6 H2O(liq) This type of reaction is a metathesis (acid-base) reaction where, once again, the elements and groups recombine themselves. The product of this reaction is aluminum sulfate and water. The solution proceed to cool and crystals began to form. The last reaction resulted in a hydrated potassium alumin um sulfate, and crystals of this compound formed slowly. Seed crystals developed and more alum deposited causing the crystals to expand. The balanced chemical reaction is Al2(SO4)3(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + 24 H2O(liq) 2 KAl(SO4)212 H2O(s) This would be considered a combination reaction because the three reactants combined to form one product, hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate. The overall balanced chemical reaction for this experiment is 2Al(s)+2KOHaq+4H2SO4(aq)+22H2O(liq) 2 KAl(SO4)212H2O(s) + 3 H2(g) At the start of the experiment, 1. 01 grams of aluminum can pieces were used. After forgoing several reactions, 4. 19 grams of alum were recovered.Theoretically, 17. 76 grams of alum should stick out been recovered. This gives a percent yield of 24. 0%. Human phantasm was unimpeachably the main factor as to wherefore the percent yield is not anywhere close to 100%. My lab partner and I did have a misunderstanding with one of the steps in the instructions alternatively of placing the be aker in an ice bath during reaction three, we thought the directions said to effect ice directly into the reaction mixture. This may have caused some error in the cooling process of the mixture, and may have not enabled all the crystals to form properly.We may have also not waited long adequate for all the crystals to form. Also, some of the crystals may have gotten lost while being transferred from the beaker, to the aspirator, and then to another beaker to be measured. These factors are reasonable as to why the actual yield of alum that resulted in the experiment were not spotless with the theoretical yield of alum. Conclusion Through a series of reactions, it is understand that aluminum can be chemically reacted to result in the synthesis of alum. The success of the experiment proves the reasoning of the process of recycling aluminum.