Survey Engine to Assess Indirect Attainment Parameter in OBE

study Engine to Assess Indirect Attainment Parameter in OBE1 INTRODUCTIONThe proposed arrangement consists to two modulesAdmin exploiters historyThe administrator evoke act several operations such as add and de permite doubtfulness in examination bank and creating surveil etc. The administrator burns likewise send electronic mail to exploiter to give panorama and generate report.The substance abuser can receive an email to give stick to he can give check over by o compileing link in email received by him. If user does not give reexamine he willing receive email again for survey.The Generated report argon multipurpose for helpful for essence ground education arranging where improvement and prerequisite changes be made into the formation by break inment survey reports.1.2 federation PROFILEFounded in 2007, e-Sutra Chronicles Pvt. Ltd is a engineering products firm based in Bangalore, India. Our innovative, category creating products for the Indian and interna tional education sector argon marketed chthonic the brand name of Contineo.Our vision is to build world class products with Indian relevance and global applicability.Our mission is to accelerate the adoption of academic liberty in India through IT.Contineo is a pivirtuosoering OBE enabling package product platform for performance and administartion of academic autonomy contineo commits full academic autonomy cluminating in unassailable confidential accurate,efficient and auditable examination of both the digitized answer script and coventional paper and pen variety.The contineo IT platform helps to organizations to quickly implement OBE conform to processes of academic autonomy execute credible examiniations and simplify accredition. While providing insightful analysis so as to every(prenominal)(prenominal)ow institutes to focus on academic inovation and research.2. LITERATURE SURVEY brisk schemaCurrently to disco re tout ensembley training about survey we perplex to de pend on various variant sources to gain or find informationBefore the computerization of the survey system. Survey was taken manual of armsly utilize papers. The manual system requires lot of man power. A soulfulness has to handle all the section like creating survey taking survey by using paper etc. which was so lengthy and uninteresting job.A Person has to manually check the records and maintain it. then he generate reports it is truly difficult job. If there is some inquiry for whatsoever information about survey then we need to check all the survey information and then the information was given. It was very tedious process. demarcation of manual systemWast bestride of manpowerInaccuracy in Maintaining records meter consumingPROPOSED organisationThe proposed system is a vane based application that helps to take survey from the large derive online. Admin will setup survey and send email to see people for survey. People will give survey. In bangment fascia we can maint ain all the stuff like who is answered those who not respond we can send remainder email. Survey is based on head teacher and option each option has weight age and this weight age is analyzed by using different OBE parameter. By using formulas graph and report be generated.Advantages of proposed systemSaves manpowerAccuracy in Maintaining recordsTime SavingFEASIBILITY STUDYOnce you define a line you have to check whether it is feasible or not, because all doable solutions are not feasible and feasible one is not always possible. A feasibleness study is a running play of checking your system proposal and its engage ability, impact on the organization ability to meet user call for an effective use of resources. When a new application is proposed it can be goes through a feasibleness study before it is approved for deployment.During feasibility analysis for this project, following issues are to be considered.The Key Considerations In feasibleness Study Are technical Feasibil ity.Organizational Feasibility.Economical Feasibility.behavioural Feasibility.Technical FeasibilityIn Technical Feasibility study, we have to test whether the proposed system can be developed using existing technology or not. The proposed system can be implemented with the existing technology with a few(prenominal) changes easily.Organizational FeasibilityOrganizational Feasibility is the study to identify the precedency given to the system in the organization. The objective of the proposed system is to reduce the care and overload of management employees. Using Online Application for survey the company can maintain all the detail of survey.Economical FeasibilityEconomic feasibility means that the benefits of project are greater than the prices incurred.1. Manpower costAs the proposed system is automating the survey it doesnt require any surplus man power thereby reducing the manpower cost.2. Hardware and computer software costThe organization already has a computer network a nd the proposed system can be installed without any additional expenditure of hardware and software.Behavioral FeasibilityIn conductal feasibility an estimate is made of how blind d speedk a reaction the user staff is likely to have towards the ripening of a computerized system. As the firm is in process of development so there are no chances of resistance from the users.TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES USEDTOOLS USED1) LAMP horde is a Linux web development environs. It allows you to grow web applications with Apache2, PHP and a MySQL informationbase. Alongside, PHPMyAdmin allows you to manage easily your infobases.2) Firebug What is Firebug?Firebug integrates with Firefox to put a wealth of web development tools at your fingertips darn you browse. You can edit, debug, and monitor CSS, HTML, and JavaScript stay in any web page.3) phpmyadmin It is a open source thaw tool developed in PHP. It handle the data of MYSQL by using graphical user interface and web browser. It can do variou s tasks such as add, delete, spay databases, tables, rows etc. by executing SQL command.4) Mysql workbench It is good software of Mysql. This is useful creating database. Adding foreign keys and all is easy. We can also draw EER plat which show exact relation between tables.5) gedit this is ubuntu by default editor where we can write code. It shows line number and other details.TECHNOLOGIES USEDThe technology selected forimplementing the application is PHP, and joomla framework MVC component since it was the urgency of the Client to develop an interactive User Friendly Application. The development was do in a Linux environment using for security reasons.The MVC software determination pattern in that location are three parts to the MVC throw pattern the mildew, view, and controller. The controller and view may both be considered a part of the presentation layer while the model may be seen as a fusion of the chore logic and data-access layers.Each element of the MVC is repre sented in Joomla by an glom class Jmodel, JView, and JController. These classes are located in the joomla.application.component library.MODELA model will normally contain data access methods to retrieve, add, remove, and update data stored within a specific data source. The model allows us to modify data. The methods that define business logic are essentially defining the behavior of the dataVIEWThe view defines how we present our data. In Joomla, when we use a view to display HTML, we use layouts (a form of template) that provide us with an unembellished layer of control and enable us to present our data in multiple formats. In addition to HTML, views can be formatted to present data in other formats such as PDF or news feeds.CONRTOLLERThe controller determines what operation or task has been requested and, based on the request, selects the grinderdue model(s) and passes any data modification requests to the appropriate model, creates a view, and associates one or more models w ith the view. The controller does not manipulate data it only calls methods in the model. The controller does not display data but rather creates a view that can display the data.JOOMLAJoomla is a modular and extensible PHP MySQL CMS (Content focusing carcass). It is an open-source project, which is released under version 2 of the GPL license. Joomla has troubled become one of the most popular open source CMSs, which is proved by its legion(predicate) awards and massive online community.PHPPHP originally stood for Personal Home Page and was released as a free, open source project. Over time, the language was reworked to meet the needs of its users. GUI applications PHP generally runs on a web server, taking PHP code as its input and creating web pages as output.HTMLHTML is use to creating the web page either of Static or of Dynamic and used to develop the user friendly web pages.HTML uses ASCII characters for both the main textual matter and formatting instructions. The main te xt is data and the whole information is used by the browser to format the data. A HTML document is precisely a text file, which contains certain information you would like to publish.HARDWARE AND packet REQUIREMENTSHardware RequirementsThe basic hardware wants are as followsPROCESSOR Pentium IV above.RAM 512 MB above.HARD DISK 10 GB above. monitor lizard Color. software package RequirementsOPERATING SYSTEM Linux Ubuntu 12.04SERVER LAMP server dataBASE MysqlBROWSER Mozilla Firefox/Google plateTOOLS USED Mysql workbenchUSER INTERFACE HTML, CSS, JavaScriptLANGUAGES PHPFRAMEWORK Joomla3 software product REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONUSERSUsers are those who are actually going to use this software. The survey engine to assess indirect attainment parameters in outcome based education has two types of users. Both of these users are provided with different user interfaces.UsersUsers are the actual users of this system. They use this software in to give an feedback. The user wil l receive an email for survey he has give survey which is very useful for outcome based education system make changes in system.AdminAdministrator is the person who is going to maintain this software. He is provided with the interface that helps to create an survey an send email to users and generate report. This software must assemble the time and speed constraints of both the users.FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTSFunctional requirements are very important system requirements in a software requirements in a software engineering process (or at micro level, a sub part of requirement engineering) such as technical specifications, system design parameters etc. In contrast there is one more requirements which are based on some parameters such as performance of the system, software quality attributes, reliability and security, cost constraints, design/implementation constraints.The functional requirement defines the capabilities and functions that a system must be able to perform successfully. The corpse must provide following functionalities -Keeping records survey.A detailed Report regarding the survey should be maintained and produced whenever needed.Storing the feedback complaints given by the users.The Feedback and Complaints given by the users should be stored and accessible by the Admin. Keeping details about the users he is given survey or not.Sending emails.The Admin can notify users regarding information of survey through email.User friendly user interfaceUser will get good user friendly interface.The software should run on various direct systems with different browsers.NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTSNon-Functional requirements define the needs in terms of performance, logical database requirements, design constraints, standards compliance, reliability, availability, security, maintainability, and portability.PerformancePerformance requirements define how fast the system responds. The load time for user interface screens shall take no longer than ten seconds. Requ ested queries shall be return results within few seconds. Reliability formation should specify the factors required to establish the required reliability of the software system at time of delivery. AvailabilityThe website is available as and when user needs.MaintainabilityData in the System shall be easily maintained. interrogatory rigorously and fixing bugs as it occurs to make the application robustScalabilityThe system should scale well as the number of users increase. Its a extensive survey base application so as the numbers of user increase the application should provide the same performanceTestabilityThe Developed system is tested with test goals, test methods used, and test resources. The result is stored with proper set so that it can be referred for future testing conditions.4 SYSTEM DESIGNSYSTEM PERSPECTIVEThis system is a replacement for the manual existing systems to get survey from users. The authenticated users only allowed using the break of the system. So that t he related information can be accessed by the event users.Survey engine to assess indirect attainment parameters in outcome based education is aimed at developing a web-based system that helps people to get the details regarding the request from the users.Our application helps to maintain the details of survey i. e. feedback is taken from users to improve outcome based education system.Our application provides a way to produce staff, course, industry survey reports with graphs, which helps in analyzing growth and prompting of institute. This can be achieved by graphs like PI, Bar graphs.CONTEXT plotSystem DesignDesign is the blue print of the system documentation. scheming process starts after identifying reports and other outputs the system will produce. It should be done carefully since if it is incorrect, it will produce the incorrect outputs.CONTEXT LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEMHere is the Context Level DFD and lets see it containsFirst admin login. He can add q uestion in question bank. Then he creates a survey by selecting question from question bank and assigns it to a particular survey. After that he send email to user. user will receive email and gives survey. consort to the user response report are generated.5 DETAILED DESIGNSUse-Case platSEQUENCE DIAGRAMSCOLLABARATION DIAGRAMSACTIVITY DIAGRAMDATABASE DESIGNCONCEPTUAL SCHEMA 6 IMPLEMENTATIONSCREEN SHOTS7 SOFTWARE TESTINGIntroductionSoftware testing is the execution of program to find its faults. The testing process focuses on the logical internals of the software, ensuring that all statements have been tested and on the functional externals, that is conducting test to uncover errors and ensure that defined inputs will produce actual results hold with required results. The following test strategies were adopted to test the system.examination StrategiesThere are two general strategies for testing software. These are as follows code Testing This examines the logic of the program. To fo llow this test, cases are developed such that both path of program is tested.Specification Testing Specification Testing examines the specification starting what the program should do and how it should perform under various conditions. Then test cases are developed for each condition and combinations of conditions and to be submitted for processing.Testing Method UsedHere black box testing and statistical testing are used. In black box testing, all possible types of inputs and seen for corresponding outputs and if not giving, code are corrected. In statistical testing, checking for all variables whether they assigned values before using it, whether array bound decently defined, whether looping statement terminating without going to infinite loop, whether function parameter are passed in order and about number of parameters etc., are checked successfully and form correct everything working satisfactorily.The stages in testing process are Unit TestingIndividual components are teste d to ensure that they operate correctly. Each component tested independently without other system components.Ex. chequered for Username and Password with the table, after the next module is loaded session allocation.System TestingSystem testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is fully to exercise the computer-based system. The system tests that where applied are recovery testing and performance testing.Finally a review or audit is conducted which is a final evaluation that occurs only after operating the system long enough for user to have gained a familiarity with it. System testing was done by the inspection team to verify that all the functionality identified is the software requirement specification has been implemented. Defects that crept in the system has been found defect free and is working well. System testing is concerned with interfaces, design logic, control flow recovery, procedures throughput, capacity and timing characteristics of the en tire system. For blank field, alphabets, number and special character validation.8 CONCLUSIONThe present computerized system is useful for creating survey. This system is developed as simple as possible to user. macrocosm user-friendly software the user doesnt find any clog in using it.Creating survey and taking survey by using paper. Which was so lengthy and tedious job. This software overcomes these problems.Importance of the system little manual work.Increased efficiency.Decreases the rate of errors.It reduces the time consumption.Quick (instant) result.9 future day ENHANCEMENTSWe can use this project in all the Institute where survey is required. We can manage all the information of survey in cloud. The cryptograph pattern is kept as dynamic as possible with stripped amount of static values to make it easier for future extensions. As the accredited system is expected to add more functionality and dependency according to requirement changes and technology, proper coding sta ndards and working platform have been kept in mind to produce a quality product. This will be a feature which will be added in future.Appendix ABIBLIOGRAPHY character BooksRobert W. Sebesta Programming the world wide web, 4th edition, Pearson Education, 2008Ian Sommerville Software Engineering,8th var., Pearson Education, 2007Elmasri and Navathe, fundamental principle of Database Systems, 4th, Edition, Pearson Education 2003.Mastering Joomla 1.5 Extension and Framework Development Second Edition The Professional Guide to Programming JoomlaWebsitehttps//docs.joomla.org/http//www.php.net/http//www.w3schools.com/http//www.joomla.org/KLEDRMSSCET, BelgaumDepartment of MCA 2014-2015

Factors that influence individual and group dynamics

Factors that invite single and throng dynamicsIntroductionOrganizational Behavior has incur a challenging hot topic among more groups who argon fire to battlefield the individual and group conduct of deal diverseness stateing as teams in transcriptions. The term organisational way whitethorn energise many definitions. consort to Debra (2008), Organizational Behavior is the hear of individuals and their conduct deep d accept the place setting of the giving medication in a fermentplace setting. She describe it is an interdisciplinary scene of action that includes sociology, psychological science, communication and trouble. there are also views that it is not notwithstanding the mull over of how compositions behave, except rather the study of individual style in an organisational setting. This includes the study of how individuals behave al mavin, as wellspring as how individuals behave in groups.The purpose of this essay is to put on a greater fancying of those factors that crook individual and group dynamics in an system of rulesal setting so that individuals and the groups and compositions to which they belong may be sleep with more efficient and effective. It also includes the abbreviation of agreemental factors that may have an influence upon individual and group behavior. up to now the literature review help the author of this essay to realize that often of organisational behavior research is ultimately aimed at providing human imaginativeness management professionals with the in blueprintation and tools they need to select, train, and retain employees in a panache that yields maximum benefit for the individual employee as well as for the presidency. sacking beyond that this essay lead discuss Leadership and change management aspects of organisational behavior.Author V.G.Kondalkar describes Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the force that individuals, groups and systemal bodily st ructure have on behavior within the ecesis, for the purpose of applying such loveledge towards improving an organizational effectiveness. thither for organization behaviors rump be discussed in different takes including one-on-one, group and organization structure. singularGroupStructureStudying these distinct different take aims, may helps to understand the organizational behavior at a broader air so that it could gibe the different aspects at each direct which the managers stinker use to palliate their day-to-day job.Individual level of analysisAt the individual level of analysis, organizational behavior involves the study of learning, perception, creativity, motivation, personality, turnover, task performance, cooperative behavior, deviant behavior, ethics, and cognition. At this level of analysis, organizational behavior draws heavily upon psychology, engineering, and medicine.Taking Google as an caseful to this, Google recruit individuals with trounce academic and analytical capabilities. By this they expect a knowledge organization. The individuals glide path from this phase of back ground ordain natively bring in a studious learning socialization. There allow for not be an explicit necessity to motivate them towards learning. Their business organisation is that they speculate technologies specially related to internet. Business gets the competitive edge over its competitors by their innovations. To align this strategy they also recruit in a higher place kind of people. They forever and a day encourage an entrepreneur culture where they expect a flatter structure and less agent distance between individuals. So that they expect ideas coming from bottom to up to generate always creative ideas.Individuals privy be motivated by different means. Motivation towards expected behavior is where organization scum bag most benefit. Herzberg came up with two factor theory where he define both implicit and explicit factors for motivation. P roviding examples to the effectively of indirect motive factors, organizations like Google offer 20% of their employees execute time to involve in a project which each individual like. Given more facilities to electric shaver care, good food, health and entertainment Google wants to provide as many as intrinsic motivators. This was real successful as they fulfill the individual of necessity to a greater extent so that employees dirty dog involve their work with their Saul morality. It was one Einstein said people who work if it is scarce to avoid punishment or to gain the rewarding of good work as like in most religious teachings they will reference the morality of individuals. It is just the affright that makes that work done.There for this essay urge if organizations provide really address the morality of individuals like what Google successfully did, they laughingstocknister have the most effective and pleasant work force. It was also highlighted in order to have a m oral organization it should recruit people who are capable and self disciplined. On the some other hand it will definitely need the support from organization Leadership and culture. in time individuals form groups. In other words group behavior is influenced by individual behavior. But manifestly group behavior has more power and has more strength. There for to have the exceed fitting group behavior for the organization it must have the right individuals. This individual behavior paves this essay to the way towards how an organization can best benefit the group behaviors.Group level of analysisAt the group level of analysis, organizational behavior involves the study of group dynamics, intra- and intergroup conflict and cohesion, leading, power, norms, interpersonal communication, networks, and roles. At this level of analysis, organizational behavior draws upon the socio crystal clear and socio-psychological sciences.When there are groups it is naturally the first thing come o ut to mind is leadership. Organizations can have many different groups. Sometimes they can be formal and obvious many times they are cosy. These groups plays a vital role in an organization as these groups can be treated as energy cells, which concentrate some pockets of power. These pockets are very eventful to determine the success of organization. On the other hand this is where organizational politics and leadership comes in. As far as organizations are pertain most critical decisions are coming from director board. For example these decisions can be approved simply by majority. To make decisions effective and comes in to play they have to get the support of subordinates. As the research to professor Robert Reich, he finds that many times the subordinates do not support to the logical accuracy of decisions, but they support to the personal traits or any other leadership traits. There most the time subordinates address issues with gut feelings. This is wherefore group beh avior is so of import. If organizations can form groups which doesnt obey only to the gut feeling but put some effort to overpower mental resistances and come to some rational decisions such kind of organizations do better in business. Richard trading, one local company once apply only board members from two families. At the board they always had this power struggle. But ultimately the board was introduced with professionals and the group started performs than never before. Because their group directors didnt give the axe to their gut feeling. This provides how group behaviors can be best effective to organizations. If an organization really focus on these group behaviors they can turn them in to their benefits. Most the time everyday group behaviors seen bringing negativities to the organizations. But effectively used these behaviors can be used for organizations proceedss.Human resources if managed well cargo area the key to the success of the organization. According to (Cr anny, Smith Stone, 1992 ) human resources output is high when the employee s function as a team than it is the case when employees do not work as teams . A synergetic effect is what solvents when organizations press team spirit. However creating functional and efficient teams calls for expertise, tolerance and a slew of motivation on the part of the organization. Teams enable employees to exploit their potential and thereof increase job performance. A team consists of members with diverse experience, skills and qualification. These diverse work group and synergy effects have contributed effectively to the organizations like Microsoft to gain competitive advantage by means of creativity and different thinking. It is trustworthy nigh the world that diverse work forces are helping to hurry new idea generation and creativity. As understood the benefits of group behaviors to the organization enhanced through essence of diversification, companies like Microsoft earned best advant ages. Microsoft in their web site acknowledges that they encourage synergy effects to the organization in the ways and means of diversity.Communication is also another area that organizations can vastly advantage of. Group and team theory of communication have also been studied to determine the best ways to form groups . The extract of communication regulate is driven by the aim recipient . It is important for organizations to understand the dynamics of each form of communication which will enable them to send messages effectively .Communication being an integral part of human organism is the medium through which understanding is gained. In an organization , communication is important since it is the means by which people are able to work in concert to achieve everyday goals .Schermerhorn , Hunt , and Osborn (2005 ) defines a team as a formal group of people working together with an aim of achieving common goals . Teams are important in that, they improve performance in an organ ization , they enhance communication and they make an organization more competitive in that they draw from a wide range of talent . This paper looks at conflict resolution process in teams with an aim of analyzing how conflicts affect teams.Provided above this section of the essay argue that today organizations can best advantage if they effectively manage the effects of organization politics, synergy, diversity and communication at organizations group behaviors.Organization level of analysisAt the organization level of analysis, organizational behavior involves the study of topics such as organizational culture, organizational structure, cultural diversity, inter-organizational cooperation and conflict, change, technology, and external environmental forces. At this level of analysis, organizational behavior draws upon anthropology and political science. But the evolution of political nature was exposit during the group level analysis. Diversity and Cultural level things will be di scussed in the latter part. However this section mostly focuses in to the structural trespass to the organization behavior.Structure in simple is the degree of complexity, formalization and centralisation in the organization.Complexity is the degree of vertical, horizontal and spatial differentiation in an organizationFormalization is the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized.centralisation is the degree to which decision making in concentrated at a single point in the organizationProvided above elements of structure it is obvious the structure may interact to people in terms of hybridise of control and power distribution. As discussed before power is coming from others, or subordinates. The reason to power can be different. It can be informal like referent, expert, magnetic, or it can be formal Coming from position. each way the correct planning of power may help organization to achieve their desired egresss.Elements of Organizational BehaviorThe organi zations base rests on managements philosophy, values, quite a little and goals. This in turn drives the organizational culture which is composed of the formal organization, informal organization, and the social environment. The culture determines the type of leadership, communication, and group dynamics within the organization. The workers grasp this as the quality of work life which directs their degree of motivation. The final solvent are performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and development. All these elements combine to fig the modelinging or framework that the organization operates from.Cultural elementA social system is a complex set of human relationships interacting in many ways. Within an organization, the social system includes all the people in it and their relationships to each other and to the outside world. The behavior of one member can have an impact, either directly or indirectly, on the behavior of others. Also, the social system does not have boundaries it exchanges goods, ideas, culture, etc. with the environment around it. finale is the conventional behavior of a society that encompasses beliefs, customs, knowledge, and practices. It influences human behavior, even though it seldom enters into their conscious thought. race depend on culture as it gives them stability, security, understanding, and the ability to respond to a given situation. This is wherefore people fear change. They fear the system will become unstable, their security will be lost, they will not understand the new process, and they will not know how to respond to the new situations.Individualization is when employees successfully exert influence on the social system by challenging the culture. But when challenging culture it must be careful because normally culture is seen as an iceberg lettuce to most management specialists. This nature of culture is very illusive and organization must best understand the culture if they are to do best in bus iness. Cultural dimensions will be different from countrified to country and also from region to region, may be from organization to organization. This best explains why the same model may be success in one culture but not will be success in another culture.Models of Organizational BehaviorThere are quartette major models or frameworks that organizations operate out of, Autocratic, Custodial, Supportive, and CollegialAutocratic The basis of this model is power with a managerial preference of authority. The employees in turn are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss. The employee need that is met is subsistence. The performance result is minimal.Custodial The basis of this model is economic resources with a managerial orientation of money. The employees in turn are oriented towards security and benefits and dependence on the organization. The employee need that is met is security. The performance result is passive cooperation.Supportive The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation of support. The employees in turn are oriented towards job performance and participation. The employee need that is met is status and recognition. The performance result is awakened drives.Collegial The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork. The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The employee need that is met is self-actualization. The performance result is moderate enthusiasm.Although there are four separate models, almost no organization operates exclusively in one. There will usually be a predominate one, with one or more areas over-lapping in the other models.The first model, autocratic, has its roots in the industrial revolution. The managers of this type of organization operate mostly out of McGregors Theory X. These kind managers does believe that employees are not good, cannot work their own and should be unploughed under tight controls etc. The ne xt three models begin to image on McGregors Theory Y who believe employees are capable, and they must be provided with good environment to work as a result they will work and put up good result. However each models has evolved over a period of time and there is no one best model. In addition, the collegial model should not be thought as the be or best model, but the beginning of a new model or paradigm.ChangeIn its simplest form, discontinuity in the work place is change, (Knoster, Villa, 2000). According to Lord Buddha there is no certainty everything is subjected change. This will not only explain the uncontrollable and unexpected but eternal law of change, but also its describe change is unavoidable. There for organization also bevel square deny this truth. When the attitudes, expectation, trends and styles, change with people factor, the other PESTEL variables can also be change as a result. As a result set just about change itself is become a big challenge for many organ izations. However the researches evident that 70% of change processes are unsuccessful. Thus change is essential for organizations.Almost all people are nervous about change. numerous will resist it consciously or subconsciously. Sometimes those fears are well founded the change really will have a negative impact for them. In many cases, however, the target population for the change will come to realize that the change was for the better.The pace of change is ever increasing particularly with the advent of the Internet and the rapid deployment of new technologies, new ways of doing business and new ways of conducting ones life. Organizational Change Management seeks to understand the sentiments of the target population and work with them to promote efficient delivery of the change and yearning support for its results.There are two related aspects of organizational change that are often confused. In Organizational Change Management we are concerned with winning the hearts and minds of the participants and the target population to bring about changed behavior and culture. The key skills required are founded in business psychology and require people people.Provided the significance of peoples factor, as discussed throughout this essay it is ultimately peoples behavior which may affect the organizations behavior at the most severest context. There for it is only the effective leadership which can address these diversities of people behaviors may brings the most success to the organization. Following will discuss how leadership is best effective at todays organizational behaviours.Leadership and Organizational Behavior oneness can also argue that Organizational Behavior is the study and natural covering of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the full-length person, whole group, whole organization, and whole so cial system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives. As you can see from the definition above, organizational behavior encompasses a wide range of topics, but ultimately its the leadership which can make determine the successful integration of all these variable to produce more optimum results.To begin with, the concept of organizational leadership, as described here, is not entirely new. For almost a century, various observers have glimpsed the self-organizing characteristics of groups, and their natural tendency, more or less of their own accord, to design and direct their own affairs. More than that, there have also been suggestions in the literature that leadership and authority are to be viewed as distinctly separate phenomena.In an intelligently managed organization, that leadership isnt a randomly operating process its a propulsive force given motion by purpose, and by a joint effort to acco mplish it. That is its natural tendency, its bias. But it is managements role to fancy that this organizational leadership has a substantive and meaningful core around which to form itself and to give it traction for advancing the organization toward its stated ends.victimization these as a basis, organizational leadership can provide the functions of leadership to an organizationally beneficial degree that cannot be matched by individual charismatic leaders alone. It is also far more reliably focused on the organizations ability to accomplish its own purposes and ensure its own sustainability (rather than resulting in the sexual perversion of those to the interests of senior executive leaders).ConclusionThis essay critically analyses the effects of organization behavior in todays context by different aspects. It very understandably proves people are the key factor of the determination of organization behavior. Individual behavior will influence the group behavior. Formations of gr oups may crates pockets of power. Power can be formal or even informal. But the powerful personalities can influence more effectively the organization. Leadership is best effective where if organization gather many power groups around the personality which can lucubrate the business to the most effective direction. However organizations are always to change. People create resistive forces most the time to the change. Leadership is successfully reusable to reduce the resistive forces to the organization change objectives.

Similarities In Frankenstein And A Dolls House English Literature Essay

Similarities In Frankenstein And A Dolls theater of operations face Literature EssayA Dolls House, written by Henrik Ibsen, and Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, have many connections between them. Different percentages and view points were effected in twain books, characters in both the romances shargon similar and distinguishable personality traits, and the themes and t one and only(a)s of the two are common.Torvald Helmers character in A Dolls House is a husband who is hardworking, gives in to his married woman, and a man who must represent his title. He is a father of three children and a in brief-to-be manager of a bank. Be at rest and encounter secureHer is shelter for you here I will protect you like a hunted dove that I have saved from a hawks claws I will bring stillness to your poor beating heart (Ibsen 65) Torvald says this to his wife after he finds out(a) what his wife has done and that his wife no longer wants to be with him.The wife of Torvald Helmer , Nora Helmer, is al guidances content, lovable, still yet nave. She is characterized as a lady who is compete with. I have been your doll wife, just as at home I was Papas doll child (Ibsen 67). She later finds out that she has been played with just like a doll when the truth of her beat her fathers key signature is exposed. She states that it was because she was treated like a doll that she has do nothing of her bread and butter and soon decides to leave her husband and kids after the truth behind her c erstwhilealed was spilled by Nils Krogstad..Nils Krogstad is lawyer and works under Torvald Helmer. Krogstad was in an unhappy pairing which led him to be a widower with several children. He suffers from a diseased moral charactersnuffing some to smell out moral turpitude and , as soon as they have found some, put the person concerned into some lucrative position where they can keep their pith on him (Ibsen 15). His character is one who is nerve-racking to gain back h is dandy title which he lost when he, himself, forged a signature. In trying to do so, he is blackmailing Nora Helmer.Robert Walton, who Victor is telling his story to, starts off the novel Frankenstein. He is a captain traveling to the North Pole. Walton is an explorer, chasing after non-possessed k todayledge. I may there discover the wondrous powerI shall satiate my ardent quirk with the sight of a part of the world never before visited (Shelley 2). As he goes on his voyage, he begins to feel lonely and sad, seeking for a companion that is able to relate and communicate to. Soon enough, he finds Victor, his untested companion, at the brink of death and nurses him back to health.Victor Frankenstein is the main character in Frankenstein. He is a Swiss man who grew up in Geneva reading many alchemists works. He whence gains interest about modern science and the secret of life. From this day natural philosophy, and particularly chemistry, in the most comprehensive sense of the te rm, became nearly my sole occupation (Shelley 36). With this brand-new k right awayledge, he then creates a giant star.The monster is Victor Frankensteins creation. He was make from old body parts and enters life with super-human features, such as existence strong and having a good endingurance. Remember, thou hast made me to a greater extent virile than thyself my height is superior to thine my joints more supple (Shelley 86). Along with the monsters strength, height, and endurance, it gained knowledge and learn the ability to speak and read. He turns compassionate, gentle, and kind nature but soon seeks punish against Victor.From the novels A Dolls House and Frankenstein, the characters from both novels are similar but yet different at the same time. Krogstad and the monster are both characters living a hard life where no one is volition to accept them. If necessary, I am prepared to fight for my small fleck in the bank as if I were fighting for my life (Ibsen 21). Nils K rogstad was lacking to keep his position in the bank because he felt that it was the single way people will accept and re-give him the valuate that he has lost. Also, it was his way of making money for his kids that he also wanted to gain the respect back from. Here then I retreated, and lay down happy to have found a shelter, however miserable, from the inclemency of the season, and still more from the barbarity of man (Shelley 94). The monster that Victor created was completely shunned from people. His grotesque features made people scared and disdain him, making him feel sad and misunderstood. twain characters are also seeking for revenge. But let me tell you this-if I lose my position a second time, you shall lose yours with me (Ibsen 24). Krogstad said this to Nora Helmer when he found out that he was losing his job position. He was trying to bring forth Nora to persuade her husband, Torvald Helmer, to keep him in Torvalds business. In doing so, Krogstad blackmailed Nora. Your hours will pass in dread and misery, and soon the bolt will fall which must maltreat from you your happiness foreverrevenge breathes-revenge (Shelley 155). Victor Frankenstein made a deal with the monster that he would make a companion for it so the monster wouldnt be alone. by and by Victor decided to overthrow the next monster he was exhalation to create, the monster became angry and warned Victor that he will get his revenge for Victor breaking the deal. In the endings of the novels, both characters change and are now different from one another. I have never had such an astonishing piece of good fortune in my life (Ibsen 55). Krogstad life, in the end, is now brightening up. He found a new companion, which was Noras childhood friend, and was able to conduct his family again. In time, he knew he will once again be able to be respected. Farewell I leave you, and in you the utmost(a) of humankind whom these eyes will ever beholdI shall die, and what I now feel be no long er felt (Shelley 210). After Victor has passed away, the monster did not feel a need to live anymore. He regretted what he has done and to demolish the regrets and wounds he felt, he vanished in the dimness and distance. These two characters started off with similar feelings of sadness and wants of being accepted. Going towards the end of the novels, both changed into two different people, Krogstad being happy with the life that he will soon be getting and the monster having regrets then disappearing into the sea.A Dolls House and Frankenstein have similar themes. Themes are explored in a literary and are the main ideas of the works. Within the two novels, these themes are discovered secrecy, role of women, and delusory of appearances. In both of the books, it contains secrecy that separates one from another. Victor felt that sciences secrets must not be shared with others out in the world. He began created a monster in secrecy, which came alive, and planned to destroy it without anyone knowing either. In doing so, he isolates himself from the outside world. Nora Helmer kept her secret of forging her fathers signature from her husband. To Nora, the secret was more meant to protect her husband than lie to him, hoping that they would remain together. The theme of a womens role is noticed in both novels. Women in Frankenstein have the roles of the innocent, loving, and sacrificial mother. This, to my mother, was more than a duty it was a necessity, a passion-(Shelley 20). In this quote, Victor is describing her mothers passion of helping the poor. The sacrificial role held by women is shown in A Dolls House. After her father passed, Nora gives herself up to Torvald, her husband. Her abandonment of her family once her secret has been found out is another sacrifice that she had taken. Appearances are corrupting and are clearly shown as the novel is unraveled. The monster in Frankenstein is first base seen as only a ugly creature with super-human traits and no h eart. ulterior in the novel, the monster is able to speak, read, and feel just like a regular human. This is shocking both to the narrator and reader. A Dolls House, appearances of the characters are mislead to fit with them, then reveals the reality of the plays characters and situations.

The Political Communication Of India

The Political intercourse Of IndiaIn the early years of Indian Independence g overnmental communication was considered to be addressing peaceful r every(prenominal)(a)ies and dropping choice pamphlets from a plane to persuade the Indian Voter. The post liberalization has already seen three paradigm shifts, Firstly the Nehruvian Socialism in the 1960s, then the backbreaking lined discipline of Indira Gandhi and economic freedom in the 1990s. the liberalization of the Indian economy has changed the appearance of life of communication ranging from cable television to telecommunication and then bringing on to the online computer program. Earlier the communication during preferences practiced to take spatial relation in rallies and depended a lot on politicians interpersonal skills. But the policy- fashioning parties be soon realizing the splendor of this digital Era to connect with the c forgetness of the country. The Political parties know that the offspring argon going in the mutation from Digital Migrants to Digital Natives. They be premise with their true identities on the Digital programme. This requires the policy-making parties of India to adopt methods which admit been never adopted before. In the lately hard fought Lok Sabha Elections of 2009, all major semi policy-making parties of India had hired Ad and Media Agencies to practice their Brand Im bestride.Understanding Political CommunicationPolitical communication is a sub-field of semipolitical science and communication that deals with the production, dissemination, solveion and effects of breeding, both by means of media and interpersonally, within a political context. This includes all usage of Media, speeches by politicians, vox populi leaders in the community to influence the decision do work and it withal includes the formal and informal discussions in the habitual habitual.The Study of Political Communication revolves around 3 basic elements.The Political politica l societyThe VoterThe strength of communicationThe Political companionshipAs per the Ace Electoral Nedeucerk, A political ships comp any is defined as an organised group of spate with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence earthly concern policy by getting its toilettedidates elected to populace office.Political parties action disclose tasks in a democratic society, such asAggregating and articulating necessarily and problems as identified by members and supportersSocialising and educating voter turnoutrs and citizens in the functioning of the political and electoral system and the generation of general political values balancing opposing demands and converting them into general policiesActivating and mobilising citizens into participating in political decisions and transforming their opinions into executable policy optionsChannelling public opinion from citizens to regimenTo perform these above nominateed key tasks, the politica l ships company should be able to communicate their objective intelligibly to their Voters. With the increase in the number of middlings a company can use to communicate with their voter, a consistency in the communication objective should be must. Communication objective is derived from the Brand Proposition the companionship wants to display to the general public. Harrop (1990) perceives political selling as creation non just slightly political advertising, party political broadcasts and electoral speeches further covering the integral bea of party positioning in the electoral market.Ma atomic number 18k (1995) conceptualises political trade as a complex process, the out summate of a more than world-wide effort implicating all the factors of the politicians political communication. Ma bek explained the Difference amidst commercial merchandising and political marketing.Figure 1 Commercial and Political Marketing, two parallel of latitude strategies.In the above fi gure Ma arek tries to prove out the difference between Commercial Marketing and Political Marketing. Such a parallel can non be drawn, as a partys product consists non of its political communications precisely ofa) Its ideological platform and its set of policy proposals.b) The party leader, the candidates and party officials.In Maareks view, political marketing has become an integral and vital comp wiznt of political communication. In his words Political communicationencompasses the entire marketing process, from preliminary exam market study to testing and targeting.The VoterThe aim of any image of communication is to convince the receiver. totally marketers try to convince their customers astir(predicate) the product. hither the marketer is the political party and the customer is the voter. But thither are certain differences between mainstream marketing and political marketing with respect to the voter. belt up and Harris (1996) identify four main differences between main stream and political marketingAll voters vote on the same day, everyone makes choice as per their own methods or requirements at that place is no cost attached to casting a authority for a incident party, therefore no cost when considered from an individual point of view but a very huge cost from a societys point of view.Even though you must urinate voted for a token party, even so though its not elected ,you will pick up to take a breather with it. in that location is no choice to vote for a political party or the candidate, basically the service inclined is unbundled. The candidate and the political party both are loosely interpreted into consideration while making the choice.The main role of PR activities is to improve the perception of the political party or the candidate. Today political parties are refer highly in PR activities during choices the Bhartiya Janata party had the India Shining campaign in 2004 which triggered a invigorated PR era in Indian authoritie s. The coitus party ran the temporal campaign successfully in 2009. No political party has leave any stone unturned in the field of PR, whether it is print or television or even digital.The Indian Voter right away is clear to a minimum of three different sorts of speciality in a day, it is substantial to reach out to this person when its to the highest degree effective. It is very demanding to improve the perception of the candidate or the party in a short term it requires a long term perspective with a consistent proposition to the voter.The MediumThe early beginnings of democratic thought in the eighteenth century, political philosophers have recognized the crucial role of un-inhibited public debate and free speech, which was later, extended to the demand for a free run (Voltmer, 2007)The notion of a marketplace of views is based on the liberal doctrine that no angiotensin-converting enzyme agency be allowed to have the last regularise on the course of politics. Rat her, it is through public exchange of argument and counter-argument that the accuracy eventually emerges (Mill 1859, reprinted 1974). From the perspective of the marketplace of ideas argument, the media are usually assigned a more passive role, serving as a forum where a variety of groups and individuals are prone the opportunity to express their views. Arguably the majority media serve as the main link between governments, political parties, candidates, etcetera and voters, as the opportunities for direct communication between citizens and their representatives are passing exceptional both in terms of the scale of the audience reached and the scope of the issues covered. However, the media are not just channels conveying the messages politicians want them to communicate to voters. They are also prompt participants in the creation of political messages (Cook 1998).In a democracy like India, The strong point of communication is the single to the highest degree important fact or through which political parties reach out to the plenty. Political Speeches, coverage, events are all part of the speciality of communication. Even hate speeches, rally by political parties entirely make sense if they are reported by the print or the television medium. In the print there are articles that report the unfolding of different events through the day, the television has live blanket of interviews and events. As film stars became popular figures in Indian politics, movies became an important medium of political communication. This all is the part of the medium through which political marketing talks place.Today the digital medium is yet other medium which cannot be ignored by any political party. Blogs, Social media, web targets, email, viral marketing and web invests itself has brought about a paradigm shift in slipway political parties could present itself to the voter. The print and television mediums are generally energetic solely during election campaigns b ut the digital medium is generally active all through the year.The Digital Medium The Game Changernot so long ago, Television and Print were the mainstays of most marketers media plans with radio and outdoorsy and a few other amours filling in the gaps where appropriate. Even with the outgrowth of the meshing in the late nineties television commercials were heavily lucky by the dotcoms as the way to build their brands. The net profit is now over a decade, its certainly isnt new .In fact, any product that advertised itself as new ten years on would be laughed at or even sued by the authorities . Today Digital channels are mass and mainstream reaching global audiences. For example in some markets, a popular web invest can reach a staggering part of the population. Its not just the big portals or affable networking sites that command large audiences. Perez Hilton, the web king reaches an estimated 5 million community daily via the blog. (David Meerman ,2004)While digital chann els are now mass, they can also be extremely targeted allowing for singular interactions with consumers. This is one of the defining benefits of new media. Marketing through the digital platform can be extremely individualise in many ways. Personal Emails or SMSes might be tailor made to reason every individual engages. They can be field of study differentiation also, as different mailers could be sent to different individuals based on their likes and dislikes. red-hot Media are essentially social. both affaire in digital format can be easily replied to by everyone. The best part of digital medium, that it can be viral. Any exciting piece of communication through the digital medium can be easily replicated and produced in the same form. in that location are basically two types of Digital Marketing. The first one is the pull outline and the second is the push outline. The pull strategy basically consists of attracting consumers/visitors to a bad-tempered website or a blog or even watching a pic (youtube). Here the initiative is on the consumer to visit the particular digital platform. The pull strategy requires a substantial marketing budget as the numbers of competitors are more. in any case the pull strategy does not allow you to be personalized to the user, as the same content is viewed by all viewers. The push strategy basically consists of get bying emails and SMSes to the target audiences. The push strategy could be extremely personalized, for example a political party could send in different SMSes to hatful of a region affected by floods and a different message to people affected by Naxal issues. wint of Internet as a Political Communication ToolThe network is a perfect example of customer centricity in political communication. The cyberspace acts as a one stop platform for people to interact with politicians, discuss their problems. The primary problem in India was that people were nonplusing it bully to connect with politicians except during elections when politicians wanted their mandate. The internet as a platform itself can act as a connection tool for the people with the politicians. But internet is not utilized to its true potential internet is often seen as a tool to spread awareness about a politician or a political party. (David Meerman ,2004)Before the internet platform emerged, it was believed that the people would go to the administration for help or issues, but the internet could crumple way to a system which would bring the government and political parties to the people. The focus of the internet could be to generate efficiency in the system which will indirectly benefit the government. But the important thing with the internet is that the tool works best when the consumer uses it for a dialogue and not a monologue.Online toolsThere are a variety of tools available today for use of political communication. These tools are generally used by the people for entertainment or networking purposes. These tools can consist of blogs, social networking sites, news sites, video streaming and group sites. These tools can be used by have great political applicability. These tools can be used to generate public attention and also to act as points of salience. The internet is generally halt systems and are accessible all public. The internet today has no colony on computers as the internet can be accessed through mobiles. Every tool present on the web today has a proper(postnominal) use and can be used to target niche audiences. richness of callowness in electionsThe analysts believe that the segment of youth would be the most critical in the forthcoming elections. Unfortunately this segment has registered a aristocratical participation in the elections upto this point. This segment of youth is identified as being rationale and will be having the capability of taking decisions. This segment can easily identify the right and wrong between things, they understand the grandeur to cast v otes in elections too the only thing that is lacking is a platform to connect with this target audience. The political parties today should be involved in giving out communication messages which are more germane(predicate) in times of today. The youth of today feel that they are fragmented with politics just because of the lack of use of appropriate communication tools by the political parties. That is why it is very important to understand the consumption of messages by this segment.Understanding the Psyche of the Indian youth in ElectionsThe Indian youth is one of the largest segments of the Indian Society they surpass any other segments present in the Indian Voting Canvas. In the recent Lok Sabha elections of 2009, the voting serving among the youth was an abysmal 20%. The influencers in the case of youth are their parents, if the parents decide to cast their vote then the youth generally line them otherwise they dont cast their vote. Most of the youth today does not find it intriguing enough to talk about politics, the trend is slowly ever-changing but it is still an urban phenomenon. Most of the youth today hold back at the Election Day as a holiday they generally plan out long weekend holidays on account of election days. The youth of today believe in the saying Be the change, they military volunteer to NGOs and help other organization, they firmly deem that rather than relying on politicians or political parties, they themselves take the onus of changing the landscape of this country.Generally young does not cast their vote on the pretext of saying that their vote does not make a difference. The youth of today in the field of 20- 25 years, have seen all the major political parties at the midpoint (1996 2009), so the feeling of nothing changing in the Indian ornament is pretty evident. The youth also believe in the fact that they have never been asked to vote. When researched this led to the vicious cycle phenomenon in Indian Politics, the Indi an urban segment and youth are the two segments which generally registers the lowest amount of voting percentages. This is the primary reason why politicians and political parties patch up very less or no attention to them. Due to no attention to them the youth do not get any personalized or communication that makes relevance to their life during election days. Many youth of today feel that the process of casting votes is a tedious one, as one never know how to register and when and where to vote. Before the Jaago re campaign, there was no particular online platform which educated the youth about the process of casting votes.Need and Rationale for the StudyChanging voter compose of the country The voter profile of this country is fast changing, the faster the political parties adopt the change, better will be the results for the political party in the Long run.Media fragmented As the media of today is getting more and more fragmented, the traditional means of reaching the voter might not work, and sophisticated means of reaching the same voter might be needed.Americanization of Politics in India Learning from the recently concluded Americas Presidential elections, the use of social media had been used exhaustively along with other online tools. This can pave the way of the changing political propaganda as it takes place todayResearch radiation patternLiterature ReviewKnowledge and Learnings pith Analysis of WebsitesConclusion/ good wordLearningsExpert InterviewsResearch ObjectivesFollowing are the research objectivesTo analyze and canvas the websites of different political parties and understand their offering in the digital mediumTo analyze the different promotional activities done by political parties on the digital platform.Research Methodology education gathered through info published, websites, reports. The books and articles for reference would be sourced from the KEIC library of Mudra Institute of Communications, AhmedabadIn -Depth interviews would be conducted with professionals from the digital marketing industry and the people responsible for PR of political parties.Content Analysis of Websites would be done of the websites of the major political parties of IndiaThe content abbreviation of websites will be done on several labels like Information on the website, Informing the people, engagement with people, appeal to people , media releases given on the website and transparency achieved by the websiteContent Analysis in general is conducted in several discrete stages. Although the following stages are given in sequence, they need not be followed in the same order.Formulate the research chief Analyzing and comparing websites of different political parties in India ( Four depicted object parties are taken in the consideration set)Define the population in top dog The population would be all the data that is available on the internet about these political parties.Select an appropriate precedent from the population Th e sample for population would be the websites of these parties. (Official websites)Select and define a unit of abbreviation The unit of analysis would be the pages on the website. Each page would be analysed from the website. The units would be Information of the web siteInteraction with People magical spell to the peopleService to the peopleMedia Coverage and Public Relations enhancerSamplingA panel of experts from the digital marketing industry would be chosen with their political knowledge in mind. For selecting the panel snowball try out would be usedThe sample for selection of websites would be of the four national political parties of IndiaResearch QuestionsSome sample questions which would be asked to the panel of experts would be as followsHow important do you feel is the online platform in todays age for political parties?Describe what is the appropriate time for political parties to use the online platform?Where is the online platform best likely to fit in the entire pro cess of political propaganda?Could you tell us some campaigns which u liked/ disliked by political parties?What would be the extent of use of online platform in political campaigns, five years down the line?LimitationsConfidential teaching would be withheld as the topic of research is sensitive subject which is politics info CollectionThe data collection was done in two phases for the Four subject Parties of India. This was decided by the number of seats won by each of these parties in the recently concluded General Elections. The sign data was collected on January 5 January 7 2010. This data was enter in an Excel sheet based on the selected variables. After this interviews were taken with the Media / PR heads o the single political parties. This helped me in cross checking and substantiative their claims about the website and also to help me fill in gaps during my initial collection. Also a link analysis was done to check the traffic for these websites during the election pe riod, as these cerebrate are more active during election periods.Data and AnalysisThe research would be done on the following websitesNational political partyWebsite URLIndian National congress (INC)http//www.congress.org.in/http//www.congress4india.com/Bhartiya Janata fellowship (BJP)http//www.bjp.org/http//www.bjpindia.in/Samajwadi society (SP)http//www.samajwadipartyindia.com/http//www.spmumbai.org/index.aspxBahujan Samaj Party (BSP)http//bspindia.org/http//www.bahujansamajparty.net/The Research was done on two websites of each political party. The first data collection was carried out on January 5 January 7 2010 and the second data collection was done between February 5 February 7 2010. The purpose was to find if the websites were updated. In all cases however the content was not changed.Findings of the ResearchThe political parties have yet not realized the importance of the updates of the websites. They did not update the sites on a day to day basis, although it is tech nologically possible to update the confine in real time today.The sites of the Indian National sexual relation and the Bhartiya Janata Party are more updated than the Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party. There are more than 32 features on the INC website put together compared to 29 of the BJP party. The Samajwadi party and BSP havent updated their sites since a very long time they have outlying(prenominal) less features than compared to the counterparts.The better contents and updates in the BJP site could be attributed to the picture of the BJP elections n 20004. New Media including internet was used extensively during the elections of 2004. BJP has hired a New Media agency for handling only their New Media campaigns in 2009. INC lagged derriere in the use of internet during the elections so far and appeared to have try to catch up with the BJP.BJP has sites for all the renders of India these are for the local communication in the state. BJP had the India Shining campaign as the theme in which the party had extensively used New Media.Language of the Content of WebsiteMaharashtra state has the local linguistic process called Marathi and Gujarat has Gujarati. There are 71, 936,894 (6.99% of the total population) Marathi Speaking people in India where as 46,091,617 (4.48% of total population) people of India speak Gujarati. This is against 90,000,000 (10.66% of total population) in India. Yet the parties have totally neglected the regional terminology. No one has given regional font for download.Campaign Strategists bank heavily on the local language to write text for bills, posters, billboards, and advertisements etc. Hence logically they should write contents of the sites in local languages to reach majority voters. However this study revealed that the sites depended only on English.None of the all the eight websites of political parties in Maharashtra and Gujarat had site analytics , date of the last update of the website and site map.The date for last modify is unavoidable in some situations. For Example political parties announce their candidates for elections in two three phases or more. They announce various lists and it changes even after announcements. If the date of last updating is given, the visitors of site can easily come to know whether it is an odd list or the latest one. This happens with other types of content too.Site Map is a feature that helps the user to easily settle down the needed information on that site. They also act as a navigation aid by providing an overview of sites content at a single glance. If the number of links is very large, the site map helps visitors to access all content on the site.Webmaster Details of the webmaster (email, phone or fax) are necessary because a visitor can write to him/her in case the site or part of it does not function. All sites had Telephone number to only the head quarters and no region wise contacts.All sites had given the indication of a copyright. This prohi bited others from using the website content for free. Visitors counter is another feature which is neglected by these sites , the visitor counter helps getting everyone an idea about the popularity and utility of the site.Unit Analysis of WebsitesInformation of the partyIndian National CongressThe site of the Indian National Congress had given Information about the history of the party , the latest manifesto, List of candidates and the occurrent Office bearers.Bhartiya Janata PartyThe Bhartiya Janata Party had given Information about the Organisational bodily structure of the Party, History of the party, List of states under BJP rule and the current list of component of ParliamentSamajwadi PartyThe Samajwadi party had given information regarding the performance of the party in the recent elections and the list of candidates for the Lok Sabha Elections in 2009. There was no mention of any manakin of History of the party and the party manifestoBahujan Samaj PartyThe Bahujan Samaj party website was more focuses only on current activities of the party and no information about the past. They didnt have the list of candidates or constituency which they have won in the recent elections. There was no mention of any kind of organisational structure in the party.There was no mention of Alliance partners of any of the websites under perviewInteraction with PeopleIndian National CongressThe website of the Indian National Congress had given option to submit their feedback, comments, suggestions and complaints. There was no Toll free number mentioned on their website.Bhartiya Janata PartyThe Bhartiya Janata party was more people and new media friendly they had subscription to RSS feedThey also had an opinion opinion poll on their website to know peoples view on a particular issue.Samajwadi PartyThe website of the Samajwadi Party had only contact numbers of the head office and respective branch offices. They had no other latest interactive features on their website.Bahu jan Samaj PartyThe website was least interactive among websites of all the parties. The party was more interested in a monologue and not a dialogue with its voters. The website had no links or any other such things to keep the voters updated on the happenings. orison to the peopleIndian National CongressThe Website of the Indian National Congress does not appeal to vote for it uncomplete their alliances. There is no way that anyone interested in joining the party could apply for a position. There was no appeal for a present for a baronial cause.Bhartiya Janata PartyThe Website of the Bhartiya Janata Party does not appeal to vote for it neither their alliances. There is no way that anyone interested in joining the party could apply for a position. There was no appeal for a donation for a noble cause.Samajwadi PartyThe Website of the Samajwadi Party does not appeal to vote for it neither their alliances. There is no way that anyone interested in joining the party could apply for a position. There was no appeal for a donation for a noble cause.Bahujan Samaj PartyThe Website of the Bahujan Samaj Party does not appeal to vote for it neither their alliances. There is no way that anyone interested in joining the party could apply for a position. There was no appeal for a donation for a noble cause.Service to the peopleIndian National CongressEvery website should be user friendly at the base take aim and somehow it should help us in the entire process of voting. The website of the Indian National Congress had no links for whats new on the website, FAQ s etc.Bhartiya Janata PartyThe website of the Bhartiya Janata Party had links whats new is happening to the political party in India. There was no service of any kind to the people.Samajwadi PartyDuring Elections, finding your name on the voters list is one of the most tedious tasks for any voter. Samajwadi Party is the only party which is providing voters list to its users. This is one of the most useful features on any of the websites.Bahujan Samaj PartyThere is no feature of any kind on the Bahujan Samaj Party Website. The lowest on service to people.Media Coverage and Public RelationsIndian National CongressThe Media Coverage and Public Relations is an integral part of any website, it gives you a coverage on the latest happenings of the political party. The media coverage in the INC website give you info only on the election results and not on the party achievements in each of their state.Bhartiya Janata PartyThe BJP Website has put photo gallery arm at the front of their home page and audio-video features to attract the visitorsSamajwadi PartyThe Samajwadi Party has their media section updated and it has given it list of latest joins in the party on the website. The party is not in power in any state so its only mentioned its achievements when they were in powerBahujan Samaj PartyThe Bahujan Samaj Party uses it website to in effect communicate its latest achievements, especially in the st ate of Uttar Pradesh where its a persuasion party. Other News of the party is lost in the clutter of information which is present in the website. transparencyIndian National CongressTransparency is one thing that the Indian voter likes to see with every political party. The site didnt try to remain transparent about declaring the assets of their candidates even though it was a simple thing to do. All the details of assets of a particular candidate are given on the site of the Election way of India.Bhartiya Janata PartyThe site didnt try to remain transparent about declaring the assets of their candidates even though it was a simple thing to doSamajwadi PartyThe site didnt try to remain transparent about declaring the assets of their candidates even though it was a simple thing to doBahujan Samaj PartyThe site didnt try to remain transparent about declaring the assets of their candidates even though it was a simple thing to doUnit Analysis of WebsitesINCBJPSPBSPInformation on the W ebsiteInteraction with peopleAppeal to People

Impact of ICT Innovations at NG-CDF

match of ICT Innovations at NG-CDFThe Board acquired meshwork from two ISPs (internet service providers), Safaricom and Accesskenya, providing availability of steady-going redundant global connectivity. Connectivity therefore has allowed access to internal trunks such as email, ERP (Enterprise resource planning) and website at ease. Learning by dint of research on the internet has improved.The Local Area Network (LAN) and Wireless LAN has provided interconnectivity within the office. Resources squirt be sh ard among users and calculating machines with minimum movement of lag. Wireless LAN on the another(prenominal) hand has also encouraged BYOD (bring your avouch device) culture in the face and improve staff mobility.Recently the Board implemented MPLS (Multiprotocol mark off Switching) to regional offices providing access to internet and telephony services at a minimum cost. MPLS is a multipoint connectivity corpse that allows regions and HQ to communicate to each other like they are in maven office. The regional offices cannister now be reached by a tele earpiece extension.Connectivity through MPLS has also allowed the execution of sip tele call in services whereby a airplane pilot line is granted which in turn allows for configuration of 999 parallel lines hence direct lines.The firewall protects the organization from internal and external threats. These threats come in approach pattern of spam messages, phishing sites and viruses. Threats diffuse networks using services or ports that whitethorn be or may not be used in the organization.The firewall therefore assists in filtering let out those services that may allow threats into the network. In addition, internet bandwidth is a circumscribed resource and therefore motivating to be controlled, services that consume a lot of bandwidth are whence disabled so that users can cook a fair usage of internet without affecting their duties.The firewall also allows for schedule and QOS to pr ioritize certain services at a certain time.Kaspersky commutation Management allows the arranging administrator to monitor threats to the organization establishments in form of computer viruses. The central tweakment is an all in one entry where admins can perform certain tasks remotely from a server e.g. install, manage and license Kaspersky remotely, push updates remotely, manage devices, enable or disable e.g. USBTo check the server room CCTV is installed to monitor physical access and intrusion of unauthorised staff pieces thereby improving on data security and management.The CCTV system allows for live picture and playback options and to save/export a video for incoming reviewsThe Board has a registered domain name, cdf.go.ke and subsequently each staff member is assigned an email address.The email system, running on the latest meter reading is accessible 24/7 anywhere anytime through a computer or supported mobile devices.Guidelines and manuals to access the mail porta l shake up been developed by the department to help staff members adapt to the system easily.The Board has installed Spiceworks helpdesk system which is an open source helpdesk system that allows the department to consent a bona fide support ticket-tracking system and generate reports of the said(prenominal) to gauge their performance.Users raise tickets by email, telephone call or through the Spiceworks portal, the ICT department then are able to view and prioritize them accordingly. erst the case is solved, the ticket is closed.The bulk SMS system is web based system which the Board uses to disseminate important info through short messages to staff members within the shortest time possible.Within the system, targeted groups and individual contacts maintain been preloaded to the system these groups are All faculty, FAMs, directors, HQ Staff etc.The board has seen improvement in communicating matters relating to the board or staff on time without the need for lengthy and slow means of communication this has improved the accuracy of the learning passed and avoided speculations on sensitive Board matters.The system provides data to the Boards customers using USSD (Unstructured subsidiary Service Data) is a Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication engineering science that is used to s hold back text amid a mobile phone and an application program in the network.Information available is allocations and disbursements for each constituency from FY 2013/2014 to date. The USSD is structured to the bulk sms system so that results can be sent to the end user.The user queries by dialing *483*6 from their mobile phone, then select the constituency by a quick search, they will then choose whether they need allocations or disbursement data. Once confirmed, the results are then sent through SMS to the users phone via the bulk sms system implemented by the board.100% of individual offices have been connected by a telephone extension, 70% of staff have an exte nsion on their desks.The Board maintains a PBX which interconnects these extensions and the regional office extensions. Staff can communicate within offices on 10th traumatize, 5th floor and regional offices conveniently and for free.Trunk calls (external calls) can also be make and received by the board via providers like Orange Telkom and Safaricom. Orange provides the landlines time Safaricom provides a SIP line which emulates a mobile number with railyard lines which can then be configured as direct lines. The SIP trunk therefore allows for multiple calls to be made without engaging or congesting the lines.A unique number is assigned, for the Board, this is 0709894, and the last 3 digits have then been assigned to a specific extension Number for example 0709894000 is configured on the extension at the reception as a pilot line, any other extension has also an incoming route creating a direct line scenario.Web portals are websites that maintain personalized information in a da tabase in the background. Unlike any website, portals allow let users access to specific information meant for them specifically. They are even allowed to customize information they want to be displayed in their portal (space).The Boards web portal is integrate portal in that, the fund account managers can create their own websites within the portal by logging in to the system. The public can therefore access information on any constituency from one website www.ngcdf.go.ke by a click of a button.CDFMIS stores, organizes and makes access to switch and fiscal information easy. It not only stores all the information relating to incumbent and past age projects, but also stores the approved budgets for these years, details on inflows and outflows of funds.The CDFMIS Projects database is composed of quartet different functional aspects, each corresponding to a set of tasks the constituency must carry out as a part of its mission, these include project Information, bursaries Informa tion, budget and Finance Information and Complaints Information.Data and Applications Software are stored in servers at the computer center located at CDF Headquarters in Nairobi. Operations data are entered at the various user locations at the Constituencies and Head office.Interconnectivity of the system is through Wide Area Network between the constituencies and the Servers and through Local Area Network between the Servers and Head percentage workstations.CDFMIS is operated the basis of on-line real-time that is to say that updates occur immediately a transaction is completed thus making information as current as the last transaction.Access to the system will be make via the internet/intranet through use of a web browser (Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, etc.). peculiar user-names and passwords are given by System Administrator.Microsoft Dynamics SL is a financial/accounting system used by the Boards Finance and Accounts Department.Microsoft Dynamics SL is one of Microsoft s enterprise resource planning (ERP) software intersection points for project-driven small- and medium-sized enterprises. It is part of the Microsoft Dynamics product family.The functionality includes finance, project accounting, manufacturing, field services, supply chain management, analytics, and electronic commerce.The major module used by the Board is the finance module.

Free College Essays - The Character of Hester Prynne in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Character of Hester Prynne of The red-faced letter Hester Prynne is a very well recognized character in The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne. She is a character about whom much has been written much(prenominal) as, Toward Hester Prynn, by David Reynolds, and The Scarlet A, Aboriginal and Awesome, by Kristin Herzog. Reynolds essay dealt with Hester as a heroine, who is an artistic combination of disparate female types. Herzogs essay dealt with the idea that Hester is two wild and passionate, as well as, caring, conservative, and alien. Towards Hester Prynne, by David Reynolds, expressed Hester as a heroine composed of umteen different stereotypes of females from the time period Hawthorne was writing. Hawthorne created some of the some skeptical and politically uncommitted characters in pre-civil war hi drool. Reynolds went on to say, His Hawthornes flight illustrates the success of an especially responsive author in gathering unneurotic disparate female types and re combining them artistically so that they become crucial elements of the rhetorical and artistic construct of his fiction (Reynolds 179). Hawthorne used ironies of go women and female wretcheds to carry through the perfect combination of different types of heroines. His heroines are equipped to expel wrongs against their invoke bringing about an awareness of both the rights and wrongs of women. Hester is a compound of many popular stereotypes rich in the thoughts of the time ...portrayed as a fallen woman whose honest sinfulness is found preferable to the future corruptness of the reverend (Reynolds 183). Hester was described by Reynolds as a feminist criminal bound in an iron link of mutual crime (Reynolds 183). consort to Reynolds, Hawthorne was trying to have his cultures darkest stereotypes absorbed into the character of Hester and rescue them from noisy regime by reinterpreting them in Puritan terms and fusing them with the moral exemplar. Kristin Herzog had a clean dif ferent view of Hester in The Scarlet A, Aboriginal and Awesome. She described Hester as both wild and passionate, and caring, conservative, and alien. Herzog stated that The Scarlet Letter is a story set at the rough edge of civilization. Hester is as much an pariah as any Quaker in the Puritan colony and she takes the colonys convolute laid upon her with a Quakers dignity. Herzog described Hesters Aboriginal characteristics as caring and conservative. This feel of Hesters femininity is not the only trait, however, which

America - Argumentitive Essay :: essays research papers

Ar gumwoodentative EssayThat Australia Should Resist Ameri stool diverge - AgainstFor over 50 years now, the United States of America yield been a source of inspiration for the people of our great nation. We watch their TV shows, get wind to their music, eat their food, and this is all before we leave for work in the morn Like it or not, America has had a positive influence on Australia, and their is no reasonable explanation to support an abandonment of it. Sure, people may choose to argue that Australia is a country that can deadlock on its own two feet and make its way up the worlds political, social and economic scale on its own, that is a childish fantasy. To resist American influence is in no way possible or even feasible.We have an extremely steep import rate from America. Where would we be without our weekly dose of Friends or loot Hope? What childhood wouldnt be complete without memories of Coca-Cola and bubble gum? It is not nevertheless the petty things we ferry in that we can convey America for. Where would our small business community be if it werent for American franchises such as Dominoes and Baskin Robbins? Where would out large businesses be without the countenance of computer technology, which was so kindly invented by Mr. Bill Gates? If we stand back for a moment and take a long large(p) look at the things we make use of every day, wouldnt it be fair to say that at least 80% of them have American foundations? To give these up at the drop of a hat, so we can demonstrate our originality is ludicrous. We would have the world laughing in our faces, due to our naivet. It is a nice thought to be completely independent, but there is no chance of it happening in the near future. But, for arguments sake, lets just say we did, where would we be?Australia has had moments of brilliance, but on a whole, we are sensibly quiet folk. When we have had the pleasure of being the center of attention, it is usually because we have made some fangle-d angle movie that takes the mickey out of ourselves.

Essay --

Retributive justness is a type of justice, which believes a punishment should be twain rightful and proportionate to the immoral act. This type of payment is similar to that of the concept what goes around, comes around and is prominent is various unethical acts such as an individual committing the act murder and then going to prison. Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner and William Shakespeares King Lear are perfect examples of books that integrate punitory justice into the plot. Both literary works fool characters that devise similar decisionsand therefore go through similar experiences they make unworthy decisions, ignore their conscience, and seek personal justice. The role of retributive justice is evident within both The Kite Runner and King Lear and becomes wrap up through the outcomes of Baba and Lears poor decision-making. At the beginning of the novel, Amir characterizes his pay off as an honest, wealthy man with strong moral values in fact, Baba spends a lot of time trying to impose his goodness onto Amir. An cardinal turning point of the story for Amir is when Rahim Khan shares a wretched truth Baba is a sinner and goes against his beliefs by lying about Hassans birth. At first, the reader assumes that Baba keeps Hassans birth a secret so he is not frowned upon for having an affair with Alis wife. Although Baba tries to make up for his poor decision, he still experiences retributive justice by losing Hassan and Ali Then I saw Baba do something I had never seen him do before He cried Ill never forget the way Baba said that, the pain in his plea, the fear. (Hosseini 107). Baba never lets go of the fact that he loses his son I like Hassan had been with us today (Hosseini 133). Baba does not say anyt... ...eventual(prenominal)ly decides to try to become the pet child by plotting his brother and father against one another. As the assemble progresses, Edmund eventually desires kingship and is willing to do anything to gain power, which includ es using both sisters To both these sisters have I sworn my love/ each as prehensile of the other, as the stung/ Are of the adder. Which of them shall I take? / Both? wizard? Or neither? / Neither can be enjoyed/ If both keep alive. (V. i. 56-59) Immediately the audience can sense that Edmund is slowly being consumed by his ambition and the chain of events that he causes through the play is to blame for his eventual death. Once again, it is unusual for death to be a form of retributive justice however, Edmund brings death upon himself. His traitorous acts towards several of the characters- specifically Edgar- backfires, and for that he dies.

L.A. Gang Member by Sanyika Shakur Essay -- Monster Autobiography L.A.

L.A. aggroup Member by Sanyika Shakur Kody Scott grew up in South Central L.A. during the nineteen-sixties and seventies, soon after the origin of the Crips. Raised in poverty without a father, and a sufficient family elevated solely by his mother, Kody Scott led the stereotypical ghetto life, a poor and low-spirited home. However he does not blame this on his own personalised decision to join the Crips while only eleven years old. The allure of the respect and glory that cracker bonbons got, along with the unity of the set(name for the precise camp) is what drew him into the plurality. Once joined, he vowed to stay in the set for life, and claimed that thumping was his life. After galore(postnominal) years of still believing this, he finally accomplished that the thug life was no longer for him, and that gangs were a business on society and the Afrikan race(page 382-383). In his book Monster The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member, he tells of his life story and how he came and left the gang life. For thirteen years he was a member of the Eight Tray Gangsters, a set of the Crips, and throughout the book he explains, sometimes in full detail, the life he led while in the gang and his many times in jail and prison. These life stories he tells, include drive-byes, shootouts in supermarkets, parks, streets, houses etc., fist fights, group beatings, kidnapings, doing drugs, selling drugs, car-jacks, amputation, robbery, friends deaths, enemies deaths, being shot, stab fights, police abuse, jail riots, jail rapes and any other part of the gang life possible. Now if possible, imagine that this all happened within thirteen years, and to a teenager. These crimes, more specifically the brutal ones, are what got him his nickname Monster Kody. none of this really affected him though, until when in jail, he was converted to a Muslim, when he changed his name to Sanyika Shakur. However, it took him a while to realize that what he was doing was wrong and it was not what he wanted to do for the rest of his life. Although he now realized this, it wasnt because of religion really, but more for the survival and advancement of the Afrikan race, as he was now becoming more and more politically and chastely conscious(page 277). After coming and going out of prison, he was struggling between the two lives he was trying to lead, one as a banger and the other as a leader for the Afrikan... ...left the gang life backside in order to raise his family in a safer environment and in addition to settle his conscience down and feel better about himself. In conclusion, Kody Scott a.k.a. Sanyika Shakur, used this book as a tool to help allow society know the dangers of the gang life, and possibly some advice to help impede gangs from growing and spreading, and also to prevent his past from becoming somebodies future. Which is best summed up in his last paragraph from the book in which he statesHow do we come to grips with the fact that this thing has gotten way too real, out of take care like some huge snowball running down a hill, threatening to smash and kill all in its path, including those who originally fashioned it? Time is of the essence, and every thinking person with a postal service in life-especially those involved in the fighting-should put forth an effort, something more concrete than a media truce, to deal with this tragedy. The children deserve to have a descent childishness where they live. They shouldnt have to be uprooted to the suburbs to experience peace. We cannot contaminate them with our feuds of madness, which are predicated on factors over which we have no control.

Cultural Protectionism in the European Union Essay -- national film ind

Since the eighties the European Union (EU) is pursuing a more liberal mountain indemnity in its multilateral consider negotiations. This liberal approach is the event of the spay in company preferences in favour of free trade. The change in business preferences also made politicians to support trade liberalisation. (Young, 2007) objet dart the EU is a lead supporter when it comes to traditional trade policy, it is alternatively reluctant regarding the liberalisation in early(a) trade argonas. The European audiovisual aid industry is a good example to demonstrate the EUs protectionist approach. Though there are countries, above all the United States, who are in contrary to the EU, great supporters of the full liberalisation of audiovisual industry. The US government seeks for liberalization of audiovisual services within the framework of popular Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), while other countries, such as the member states of the European Union see the US and the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a threat to their movie theatre industry and national culture. In this paper within the European audiovisual area I give focus on the European sprout industry. The main question of the paper why does the EU pursue protectionist policy in case of its audiovisual sector, when in general it is expected to get along liberal trade policy? In order to explain the EUs behaviour, Alasdair R. Youngs (2007) division of trade policy will be used as theoretical framework. Young differentiates three aspects of trade policy traditional trade policy, commercial policy, social trade policy. conventional trade policy includes tariffs and other quantitative measures, occurring at the border in order to discriminate foreign goods. With the rise of export orientation of European manuf... ... WTO members commitment in audiovisual services very low. (WTO, 2009) None of the EU member states, nor any other European countries made commitments to liberalize its audiov isual sector, but they all asked for exemption from the MFN principle. On the other side entirely two countries with considerable economy opted for the liberalisation US and New Zealand. (Puppis, 2008) What would move on with the film industry in case of the liberalization of audiovisual sector? Why the EU and the member states are so resistant in this matter? Without the MFN exemption, or with more extended liberalization would lead to accession commercialization, even bigger US/ Hollywood share in the European cinemas and televisions. Under the MFN principle the European Union and its member states would not be allowed to set up programs like MEDIA, or quotas for European content. (Puppis, 2008)