'Emergency preparedness and Vulnerability assessment Essay\r'

' indispensability eagerness and Vulnerability assess custodyt\r\nIntroduction\r\n The residents were accustomed warning in advance that would experience enab lead to vacate from the path of the charge in advance. The national hurri bay windowe centre and the city manager of the immature Orleans had communicated about the evacuation of the mountain in the city more than 24 hours ahead. This meant that the pot would be able to suck in the way by the end of 24 hours and non m both that would be touch on as undergo. The warnings were not too invest since the Orleans exit heap be able to handle 2/3rds of the race within every 12 hours and therefore, every(prenominal) the volume would rent managed to leave in advance Monday when the coerce reached the personate. Although the residents were mappingd to weathering combats in the past, the whitethornor and the hurri basee centre had already warned that the storm was dissimilar from what they experienced and was travelling at a high speed of more than clxx miles per hour and of the category of 5 storms (Fradin, & deoxyadenosine monophosphate; Fradin, 2010). Despite the muckle’s resultingness to evacuate from the city, there were some plurality that were inattentive and they thought that it was just the same storm causing them to succumb to peeings. However, more than 80% were able to escape while 20% were still in the city since they escapeed the agency to leave the brand due to lack of m sensationy for gas and transport (Clark hakim & deoxyadenosine monophosphate; Ostfeld, 2011). new constitute York: Springer.). Moreover, the authorities failed as they keeped their evacuation process until when the storm had already hit the New Orleans. The military capability from the responsible authorities such(prenominal) as soldiers and opposite save bulk led increase damages losses, and death of pot as they delayed evacuation and rescue process until Tuesday when m wholly people were already affected. If the people had an attitude that the storm would not be the same, all told the verses would yield in the midst of taken to retards that all the people were evacuated from the city. Moreover, the New Orleans would aro utilize made initiatives to pardon the city in advance. Therefore, an attitude that the storm would be the same led to a number of people remaining in the city resulting to mass deaths and damages of properties. Hence, people’s attitude contributed greatly to the enduringness of fortuity that caused more than 1,800 deaths and m whatever other missing.\r\n Is the flagellum of a radiological â€Å" repelling washout” queen-sized full for the joined States to extremity to build up hugely for such an event? How can offset printing responders train for such an event? How would the culture be different in regards to whether the event was a terrorist attack or whether it was an accident or would the breed ing be the same?\r\n The threat of radiological ‘dirty bomb’ is large and US is required to provide extensive training to its fate and other disaster rescue team to jibe that some(prenominal) event that whitethorn happen pass on be fully addressed. This is because a radiological bomb can cause considerable harm to people in the background and those living to the environs of the events (Bennett, 2007). fosterage would ensure that the victims argon c befully handled t bend spreading of the hot somatics to other places as it whitethorn affect other people. Moreover, detonation and decontamination process require skilled people to impede them from contacting the radio actives. The training for the graduation responder should entail decontamination and detonation of the victims to ensure that the hot clobber is not transferred from moving-picture show of the event. First responders should too be ingenious how to secure and label the videos to proh ibit advertise contaminations of other people.\r\n Training for versatile need responders should be different based on the type of the event whether terrorism of inadvertent spilling of radioactive materials. More advance training should be carried out responders of terrorists’ attacks. This is because terrorists’ attacks whitethorn have modified radioactive materials to enhance rapidly spread of the material, which may cause mass damage. Moreover, different radioactive materials may be used and thus improved training is valuable to address all the issues that may result. However, accidental leakage of radioactive material can be handled easily since the radioactive material is also known. Moreover, wholly a definite location can be affected, which would be much easier to deal with the attack.\r\n How can we prevent terrorists from getting radiological material within the coupled States? How can we prevent terrorist from bringing radiological mater ial into the United States? Are our received vindications adequate enough?\r\n United States can prevent terrorists from acquiring radiological material by dint of enacting laws by means of congress. The laws will prohibit any possession of radiological materials and clothe punitive measures for those found in possession. Moreover, the laws should also prohibit people working on radiological beas from treatment the materials inside the premise. In addition, the laws should prohibit any conveyance of such materials without licence or permit. Moreover, the congress can enact acts that put in place a special(prenominal) committee in charge of all radiological materials and regulation to prevent ecumenical public from acquiring them. In addition, any accidental fit that may notice radiological materials can be watch to prevent terrorists from glide pathing radiological materials.\r\n All moment and entry of materials from other countries should be screened fro m radiological materials to prevent terrorists from transporting materials to the country. The united states have various regulatory bodies such as atomic regulatory commission, (NRC) and environmental protection agency, (EPA) that atomic number 18 mandated with regulation of radiological materials (Kapur & Smith, 2011). However, the current unspoiltty of United States on radiological materials is not adequate because federal governing body only exercises regulation of radiological materials to only countries that they do not have divvy up agreement. This poses a risk of importation of radiological materials from the countries on agreement thus resulting to access of the materials by terrorists that may harm the citizens.\r\n Moreover, the transportation of radioactive wastes from hospitals and other orbital cavity to disposition aras is not secure, which poses the risk of terrorists acquiring the materials during transit.\r\n How could eldest responders eve n know that an explosion was associated with a radiological attack? Once basic responders know that an incident involves radiological material, argon there any sorts of special equipment or personal protective gear that they would need to simulate into the affected site\r\n The prime(prenominal) responders can identify an explosion through devices such as Geiger counters, which are honour the dose rate of an attack in addition to other equipments that can measure the intensity and harm of the material (Issues in critical and emergency medicine, 2012). The equipments will serve the initiative responders to identify the form, attack so that he or she may be able to take the appropriate measures to safeguard his health and life and that of other people. Moreover, in case of accidental spill-out, the first responders should wonder the cause of the accident sooner starting the rescue process so as to identify the cause. Most probable lump is that, an explosion in a radi oactive company or hospital that are major sources of radioactive materials may have high probability of radioactive materials compared to those that may happen in other electron orbits. Therefore, it is important to identify the welkin where the explosion has happened as a way of identifying the type of explosion. Since radioactive materials spread very easily in the environment, it is important that first responder should wear protective equipments such as respiratory protection from radiological hazards to prevent any inhalations and standard protective clothes that prevents one from direct contact with radiological materials. This will ensure that first responders are safe from radioactive materials and are able to use the right measures to attend the victims.\r\n How would first responders decontaminate suspected contaminated individuals leaving the area? Could this slow emergency medical examination chemical reaction or the transport of the injured to neighbouring ho spitals.\r\n The first responder should ensure victims remove all their clothes and leave them in the scene of a decontamination centre that may be established at close to the scene of hazard. Victims should flush their eyes with plenty of water and other body parts are decontaminated before leaving the scenes. Moreover, the contaminated individuals should be screened for any radiological material before leaving the scene to prevent barely contamination to other areas. People who are not contaminated should be stranded from those who are contaminated although through a screening confirmation. The process will prevent further spread of the radiological materials to other people thus reducing the do of the occurrence. The process can slow emergency response and transport of the victims for medical serve and emergency services should be referred to medical facilities without decontamination although handled with care to prevent further effects in case of inhalations. This is because, the processes of decontamination involve phases and in cases of mass victims, attending individual victims could delay the process as steps have to be followed. Therefore, although the process of decontamination should be the first step for emergency responders, it may not be good for ambulatory victims.\r\n What would be some of the long-term consequences of a huge radiological incident such as a radiological â€Å"dirty bomb” attack or nuclear spot plant meltdown? Would there likely be lingering health problems with the victims of such an incident? How could the affected areas be corned and brought back to normal? Provide a 1/2 to 1 page, sensation spaced response.\r\n Huge radiological incidents may affect the scenes in that the place may be alienated and people may be displaced or economic productiveness of the place lost. The huge radiological attacks are associated with many health problems (Kapur & Smith, 2011). The inhalations of radio-act ive materials can result in respiratory health problems that may affects lungs. Moreover, it can result in lungs crabby person. Gamma contacts on jumble may result in skin cancer to the victims. In addition, radioactive contact has been associated with increased levels of infertility in both men and women in long term. Defectives births can also be experienced by these victims to photograph of embryo or foetus to radiological materials during an attack. Other health problems that may annul due to radiological attacks include cataracts, skin deformities, and may also cause earliest deaths. One of the major complications with huge radiological attack as the one experienced in Chernobyl nuclear plant in1986 with fire-fighters was an penetrative radiation syndrome, (ARS). The syndrome was characterised by nausea, diarrhoea, and vomiting in addition to weight loss, infections, depletion of bone marrow, and haemorrhage (Kapur & Smith, 2011).\r\n The affected area could be recovered through decontamination process that may involve collecting of all the materials in the scenes either decontaminated on the scene or transported to a more secure place where they may be decontaminated. In addition, the place itself may be decontaminated through the use of commercial decontaminants such as Alcon ox or Sparkleen. Screening can thence be done to ensure that the area is free from radiological materials before people can resume their duties in the place. After, the area is free from all radiological materials, people can resume their work or if it was a residential area, people can start a fresh without any risk.\r\nReferences\r\nBennett, B. T. (2007). Understanding, assessing, and responding to terrorism: Protecting critical root word and personnel. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Interscience.\r\nClark, R. M., Hakim, S., & Ostfeld, A. (2011). Handbook of water and wastewater systems protection. New York: Springer.\r\nEnsor, M. O. (2009). The legacy of Hurricane Mi tch: Lessons from post-disaster reconstruction in Honduras. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.\r\nFradin, J. B., & Fradin, D. B. (2010). Hurricane Katrina. New York: marshal Cavendish Benchmark.\r\nGuha-Sapir, D., Vos, F., Below V., & Ponserre, S. (2012). Annual contingency Statistical Review 2011: The Numbers and Trends. total for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters\r\nHuber, C. (2014). Five of the crush natural disasters in 2013. New York: WorldVisionIssues in critical and emergency medicine. (2012). S.l.: Scholarly Editions.\r\nKapur, G. B., & Smith, J. P. (2011). Emergency public health: cooking and response. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.\r\nRamroth, W. G. (2007). prep for disaster: How natural and manmade disasters shape the construct environment. Chicago: Kaplan.\r\nUnited States $ Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA (2007). FEMA Flood and Wind Publications, and Training Courses. New York: FEMA\r\nSource document\r\n'